A cikin 1994, Burtaniya ta fara amfani da plasma don gwajin narkewar gilashi. A cikin 2003, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Gilashin Masana'antu ta Amurka ta gudanar da wani ƙaramin gwajin gwaji na babban ƙarfin plasma narkewa E gilashin da fiber gilashin, ceton fiye da 40% makamashi. Sabuwar hukumar fasahar samar da makamashi ta Japan ta kuma shirya xiangnituo na Japan da Jami'ar fasaha ta Tokyo don kafa gwajin 1t/D tare. Batch ɗin gilashin ya narke a cikin jirgin ta hanyar dumama plasma induction radio. Lokacin narkewa shine kawai 2 ~ 3H, kuma cikakken ƙarfin ƙarfin gilashin da aka gama shine 5.75mj/kg. A cikin 2008, xiangnituo ya aiwatar da gwajin kariyar gilashin soda lemun tsami 100t, kuma an rage lokacin narkewa zuwa 1 / 10 na asali, amfani da makamashi ya ragu da 50%, Co, No. gurɓataccen iska ya ragu da 50%. Sabuwar masana'antar makamashi ta Japan (NEDO) babbar hukumar ci gaban fasaha tana shirin yin amfani da maganin gwajin gilashin lemun tsami na 1 t soda don batching, narkewar cikin jirgin tare da aiwatar da bayanin lalata, kuma yana shirin rage yawan narkewar makamashi zuwa gilashin 3767 kJ / kg a cikin 2012. .
Dangane da albarkatun gilashi, an yi amfani da galena da jan gubar don narkar da gilashi a tarihi. Gilashin gubar da aka yi da galena da jajayen gubar a bayyane yake kuma mai sauƙin samuwa da sassaƙawa, wanda ya fi gilashin lemun tsami kyau. An taba tunanin cewa wannan ci gaba ne. Amma daga baya, a hankali mutane sun gano illar gurbacewar gilashin dalma. A halin yanzu, ban da gilashin gani da gilashin ingancin gubar, Turai ta yi jerin gwaje-gwaje a kan kayan lantarki, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashin, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi. gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashin, Lead gilashin an hana shi daga kayan wasan yara da wasu kayan marufi. An kuma hana Mercury, cadmium da arsenic. Daga karni na 18 zuwa karni na 19, an lullube madubin gilashi da kwano a bayan gilashin don tunani, amma suna da guba sosai. A cikin 1835, an yi amfani da azurfar sinadarai maimakon. A zamanin d ¯ a, ana amfani da arsenic oxide azaman opacifier don yin samfuran kwaikwaya. Tasirin ya kasance da wahala ga sauran masu sa ido don cimmawa. Duk da haka, saboda gubarsa, an dade da haramta amfani da shi azaman abin rufe fuska. Ba wai kawai kwantena gilashin da ke tuntuɓar abinci da abin sha ba an yi amfani da su azaman mai bayyanawa maimakon arsenic oxide, har ma da gilashin na gani an yi amfani da su don cire arsenic, haɓakar gilashin da ba na gani ba ya rage yawan amfani da albarkatun da ba a sabunta su ba kamar albarkatun ƙasa da ƙasa. makamashi, da kuma amfani da carbon a cikin sufuri. Ɗaukar Birtaniya a matsayin misali, kowace kwalban gilashin an rage ta 1/10, kuma ana rage yawan amfani da tan 250000 na gilashi da 180000 na CO2 fitarwa kowace shekara. Masanan kasashen waje sun kuma yi nuni da cewa, ingancin kwalaben giya ya ragu da 1g, kuma co-fitowa a cikin yanayi ma ya ragu da 1g. A cikin sararin samaniya, jirgin sama, sufuri, rage yawan gilashin ya fi mahimmanci. Bugu da ƙari ga juriya na radiation, yawancin tsarin gani na sararin samaniya yana buƙatar ragewa. Misali, ana amfani da TiO2 don maye gurbin PbO, Bao, CDO don shirya gilashin gani tare da ma'anar refractive iri ɗaya. Don rage nauyin gilashin gilashin mota, ana amfani da gilashin lebur 2mm don shirya gilashin aminci. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga nunin panel, inda aka rage girman gilashin daga 2mm zuwa ƙasa da 1.5mm; An rage kauri na allon taɓawa daga 0.5mm zuwa 0.1mm; An rage kaurin nunin na'urar lantarki mai ɗaukuwa zuwa 0.3mm. A cikin 2011, Asahi nitzsch ya samar da 0.1 mm alkali kyauta ta hanyar iyo don allon taɓawa, nunin ƙarni na biyu, hasken wuta da magani. Gilashi na bakin ciki da gilashin ultra-bakin ciki ana amfani da su don juzu'i da farantin murfin sel na hasken rana a cikin tauraron dan adam, jiragen sama da jiragen sama don adana makamashi a harbawa da aiki. An rage kauri na substrate da farantin murfin a hankali daga 0,1 mm zuwa 0.008 mm.
Haɗin kai da haɓakawa suna yin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan gilashin suna da ayyuka da yawa kuma sun zama sabon nau'in cikakkiyar kayan aiki tare da ayyuka biyu da yawa, wanda ya sa ainihin buƙatun yin amfani da gilashin mai aiki da yawa kuma juya shi cikin nau'in gilashin aiki. Alal misali, gilashin ginin mai hankali na gaba yana da ayyuka na dimming atomatik, sautin sauti, kariya mai zafi, tsarkakewar iska, antibacterial da sterilization, kuma yana iya haɗawa da haɗin kai na photovoltaic (ƙarshen wutar lantarki), tarin hasken rana, photocatalytic dauki hydrogen da gilashi. bangon labule don samar da gini mai hankali tare da ceton makamashi, kare muhalli da cikakken amfani da albarkatu.
Gilashin gilashi da kwayoyin halitta suna nufin haɗuwa da biyu a cikin ma'auni na Nano, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa hulɗar da ke dubawa, ba da cikakken wasa ga rigidity, kwanciyar hankali mai girma, yawan zafin jiki mai laushi da kuma kaddarorin thermal na gilashi, da kuma yi amfani da juzu'i, aiki mai laushi da gyare-gyare na ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, don samun sababbin kayan da za a iya tsarawa, haɗuwa, gauraye da gyare-gyare. Za'a iya samun sabbin ayyuka na kayan matasan ta hanyar zaɓar sassa daban-daban na kwayoyin halitta, kamar ƙara polymers masu ɗaukar hoto zuwa tsarin ƙarfe alkoxide na miƙa mulki. Ana iya tsara kaddarorin kayan matasan da kuma daidaita su da gangan, kamar ƙara dyes na halitta ko p-conjugated polymers a cikin hanyar sadarwar gilashi don samun kayan gani tare da madaidaiciyar kaddarorin da ba na layi ba; Misali, zafin canjin gilashin phosphate low gilashin narkewa wanda aka shirya ta hanyar hybridization yana da ƙasa da 29 ℃.
Gilashin gargajiya yana da rauni, wanda ke shafar amfani da shi. Ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarfafa gilashin aikin bincike ne na gaggawa. A nan gaba, muna buƙatar zurfafa bincikar abubuwan da ke haifar da microcracks, yin amfani da fasahar kwaikwaiyo ta saman, yadda za a hana yaduwar fasa, yadda za a warkar da fashe, yadda za a canza halayen gilashin, da kuma yadda za a ƙarfafa gilashin tare da nanostructures. .
A nan gaba, gilashin gargajiya yana buƙatar haɓaka abubuwan da ke cikin kimiyya da fasaha, haɓaka ƙimar amfani da albarkatu, da matsawa zuwa ci gaban kore da ayyuka da yawa, daga sikelin faɗaɗa ƙananan masana'antu zuwa haɓaka ƙimar haɓaka mai girma high quality. Amma ga kayan aiki, wasu kyawawan kaddarorin gilashi ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba. Karni na 21 shine karni na photonics, kuma fasahar photonics ba za a iya raba su da gilashin photonics ba, wanda ke da tasiri mai yawa akan samar da bayanai, watsawa, ajiya, nuni, ajiya, ajiya, ajiya, ajiya da dai sauransu makamashin hasken rana yana da mahimmanci. makamashi mai sabuntawa da makamashi mai tsabta, da gilashin abu ne mai mahimmanci don samar da wutar lantarki, irin su gilashin gilashin ultra fari da murfin murfin hasken rana, gilashin sarrafawa mai haske, musamman haɗin ginin hotovoltaic. Yana da fa'idar aikace-aikace mai fa'ida don haɗa wutar lantarki ta hasken rana tare da bangon labulen gilashi.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-11-2021