Dangane da matakin ci gaban tarihi, ana iya raba gilashi zuwa gilashin tsoho, gilashin gargajiya, sabon gilashi da gilashin gaba.
(1) A cikin tarihin gilashin da, zamanin da yawanci yana nufin zamanin bauta. A cikin tarihin kasar Sin, zamanin da ya hada da al'ummar Shijian. Saboda haka, tsohon gilashi gabaɗaya yana nufin gilashin da aka yi a daular Qing. Ko da yake ana kwaikwayonsa a yau, ana iya kiransa da gilashin fashe-fashe ne kawai, wanda a zahiri karya ne na tsohuwar gilashi.
2) Gilashin gargajiya wani nau'in kayan gilashi ne da samfurori, irin su gilashin lebur, gilashin kwalba, gilashin akwati, gilashin fasaha da gilashin kayan ado, waɗanda aka samar da su ta hanyar narke supercooling tare da ma'adanai na halitta da dutse a matsayin babban kayan albarkatun kasa.
(3) Sabon gilashi, wanda kuma aka sani da sabon gilashin aiki da gilashin aiki na musamman, yana nufin gilashin tare da takamaiman ayyuka kamar haske, wutar lantarki, magnetism, zafi, sunadarai da biochemistry, wanda a fili ya bambanta da gilashin gargajiya a cikin abun da ke ciki, albarkatun kasa. shirye-shirye, sarrafawa, aiki da aikace-aikace. Yana da wani babban-tech m abu tare da yawa iri, kananan samar da sikelin da sauri haɓaka, Irin su Tantancewar ajiya gilashin, uku-girma waveguide gilashin, spectral rami kona gilashin da sauransu.
(4) Yana da wuya a ba da ma'anar ma'anar gilashin gaba. Ya kamata ya zama gilashin da za a iya haɓaka a nan gaba bisa ga jagorancin ci gaban kimiyya ko hasashe na ka'idar. Komai tsohon gilashi, gilashin gargajiya, sabon gilashi ko gilashin gaba, duk suna da gama-gari da ɗaiɗaikun su. Dukkansu daskararru ne masu amorphous tare da halayen yanayin canjin gilashin. Duk da haka, hali yana canzawa tare da lokaci, wato, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin ayyuka na ciki da na waje a lokuta daban-daban: misali, sabon gilashi a cikin karni na 20 zai zama gilashin gargajiya a karni na 21; Wani misali kuma shi ne cewa ƙaramin gilashin wani sabon nau'in gilashi ne a shekarun 1950 zuwa 1960, amma yanzu ya zama kayan masarufi da gine-gine; Hakazalika, gilashin photonic sabon kayan aiki ne don bincike da samar da gwaji. A cikin 'yan shekaru, yana iya zama gilashin gargajiya da aka yi amfani da shi sosai.
Ta fuskar bunkasar gilashin, yana da alaka da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin al’umma a wancan lokacin. Sai kawai tare da kwanciyar hankali na zamantakewa da ci gaban tattalin arziki gilashi zai iya bunkasa. Bayan kafuwar sabuwar kasar Sin, musamman tun bayan da aka yi gyare-gyare da bude kofa ga waje, yadda kasar Sin ta samar da gilashin lebur, gilashin yau da kullum, fiber gilashi da gilashin gani ya zama na farko a duniya. A karshen shekarar 2008, yawan layukan kebul na sadarwa na gani ya kai kilomita miliyan 6.76, kuma karfin samar da kayan aikin gani da matakin fasaha sun kasance kan gaba a duniya.
Har ila yau, ci gaban gilashin yana da alaƙa da bukatun al'umma, wanda zai inganta ci gaban gilashin. Gilashin ko da yaushe ana amfani da shi azaman kwantena, kuma kwantenan gilashin suna da wani yanki mai yawa na fitowar gilashin. Duk da haka, a cikin tsohuwar kasar Sin, fasahar kere kere na yumbura ya kasance da haɓaka, ingancin ya fi kyau, kuma amfani ya dace. Yana da wuya ya zama dole don haɓaka kwantena gilashin da ba a sani ba, don haka gilashin ya kasance a cikin kayan ado na kwaikwayo da fasaha, don haka yana rinjayar ci gaban gilashi; A yamma, duk da haka, mutane suna sha'awar kayan gilashin gaskiya, saitin giya da sauran kwantena, waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakar kwantena na gilashi. A sa'i daya kuma, a lokacin da ake yin amfani da gilasai wajen kera na'urorin gani da na'urorin sinadarai a yammacin kasar, don inganta bunkasuwar kimiyyar gwaje-gwaje, masana'antar gilashin kasar Sin tana cikin matakin "jad na kwaikwayi", don haka da wuya a shiga fadar. na ilimi.
Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, buƙatar adadi da nau'ikan gilashin na ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma ana ƙara kulawa da inganci, aminci da farashin gilashin. Bukatar makamashi, ilimin halitta da kayan muhalli don gilashin yana da ƙari sosai. Ana buƙatar gilashi don samun ayyuka da yawa, ƙarancin albarkatu da makamashi, da ƙarancin ƙazanta da lalacewa ga muhalli, haɓakar Green da ƙarancin tattalin arzikin carbon koyaushe shine jagorar ci gaban masana'antar gilashi. Kodayake buƙatun ci gaban kore sun bambanta a cikin matakan tarihi daban-daban, jagorar gabaɗaya iri ɗaya ce. Kafin juyin juya halin masana'antu, samar da gilashinmu na amfani da itace a matsayin mai, an sare dazuzzuka, kuma an lalata muhalli: a cikin karni na 17, Birtaniya ta hana amfani da wannan abu, don haka ana amfani da kilns na murhun wuta. A cikin karni na 19, an gabatar da tafkin regenerator; a cikin karni na 20, an haɓaka narkewar lantarki; a cikin karni na 21st, an yi amfani da narkewa ba na al'ada ba, wato, maimakon tafki da crucible na gargajiya, narke module, narkewar konewar nutsewa, tsabtace ruwa mai tsabta, narkewar plasma mai ƙarfi, da dai sauransu. An gwada narkewar katako na plasma a samarwa. Modular narkewa dogara ne a kan preheating tsari tsari kafin karni na 20, wanda zai iya ajiye 6.5% na man fetur. A shekara ta 2004, kamfanin Owens Illinois na Amurka ya gudanar da gwajin samarwa, kuma amfani da makamashi na hanyar narkewar gargajiya shine 7-5 w / KS. A, yayin da yawan kuzarin narke na yau da kullun shine 5 mu / kgam, ana iya adana amfani da makamashi ta 333%. Dangane da bayanin vacuum, an samar dashi a cikin tanki mai matsakaicin matsakaicin 20td, wanda zai iya rage yawan kuzari da kusan 30%. Dangane da bayanin vacuum, tsarin narkewa na gaba (NGMS) tare da narkewa mai sauri, homogenization da matsa lamba mara kyau an kafa.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-11-2021