Tare da haɓakar haɓakar ilimin kimiyya da fasaha na zamani, buƙatun sabbin kayan aikin injiniya sun fi girma kuma mafi girma a cikin manyan fasahohin fasaha kamar masana'antar lantarki, masana'antar makamashin nukiliya, sararin samaniya da sadarwar zamani. Kamar yadda muka sani, kayan aikin yumbu na injiniya (wanda aka fi sani da structural ceramics) wanda fasahar zamani ta haɓaka sabbin kayan aikin injiniya ne don dacewa da haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen fasahar zamani. A halin yanzu, ya zama kayan aikin injiniya na uku bayan karfe da filastik. Wannan abu ba wai kawai yana da babban ma'anar narkewa ba, babban juriya na zafin jiki, juriya na lalata, juriya da sauran kaddarorin musamman, amma kuma yana da juriya na radiation, babban mita da babban ƙarfin lantarki da sauran kaddarorin lantarki, da sauti, haske, zafi, wutar lantarki. , Magnetic da nazarin halittu, likita, kare muhalli da sauran musamman kaddarorin. Wannan ya sa waɗannan tukwane masu aiki da yawa ana amfani da su a fannonin lantarki, microelectronics, bayanan optoelectronic da sadarwar zamani, sarrafa atomatik da sauransu. Babu shakka, a cikin kowane nau'in samfuran lantarki, fasahar rufewa na yumbu da sauran kayan za su mamaye matsayi mai mahimmanci.
Rufe gilashin da yumbu shine tsari na haɗa gilashin da yumbu a cikin dukan tsari ta hanyar fasaha mai dacewa. A wasu kalmomi, gilashin gilashi da sassan yumbura ta yin amfani da fasaha mai kyau, don haka abubuwa daban-daban guda biyu sun haɗu a cikin wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa, kuma ya sa aikinsa ya dace da bukatun tsarin na'urar.
An haɓaka hatimi tsakanin yumbu da gilashin da sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ayyuka na fasaha na rufewa shine samar da hanya mai sauƙi don kera sassa masu yawa. Saboda ƙirƙirar yumbura yana iyakance ta sassa da kayan aiki, yana da matukar mahimmanci don haɓaka fasahar rufewa mai inganci. Yawancin tukwane, har ma a yanayin zafi, kuma suna nuna halayen kayan gaggautsa, don haka yana da matukar wahala a kera sassan sifofi masu rikitarwa ta hanyar nakasar tukwane mai yawa. A cikin wasu tsare-tsare na ci gaba, kamar ci gaban tsarin injin thermal, ana iya kera wasu sassa guda ɗaya ta hanyar sarrafa injina, amma yana da wahala a sami yawan samarwa saboda ƙarancin tsada da wahalar sarrafawa. Koyaya, fasahar rufewa na ain na iya haɗa sassa marasa rikitarwa zuwa siffofi daban-daban, wanda ba kawai yana rage farashin sarrafawa sosai ba, har ma yana rage izinin sarrafawa. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci na fasahar rufewa shine don inganta amincin tsarin yumbura. Ceramics kayan aiki ne masu raguwa, waɗanda ke dogara da lahani sosai, Kafin a samar da sifa mai rikitarwa, yana da sauƙi don dubawa da gano lahani na sassa masu sauƙi, wanda zai iya inganta amincin sassan.
Hanyar rufewa na gilashi da yumbu
A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan hanyoyin rufe yumbu iri uku: walda na ƙarfe, walƙiya mai ƙarfi da walƙiya mai ƙarfi da gilashin oxide (1) waldawar ƙarfe mai aiki hanya ce ta walda da rufewa kai tsaye tsakanin yumbu da gilashi tare da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi da solder. Abin da ake kira ƙarfe mai aiki yana nufin Ti, Zr, HF da sauransu. Su atomic Layer na lantarki bai cika cika ba. Saboda haka, idan aka kwatanta da sauran karafa, yana da mafi girma liveliness. Waɗannan karafa suna da alaƙa mai girma ga oxides, silicates da sauran abubuwa, kuma galibi ana samun su cikin sauƙi a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun, don haka ana kiran su ƙarfe mai aiki. A lokaci guda, waɗannan karafa da Cu, Ni, AgCu, Ag, da dai sauransu suna samar da tsaka-tsaki a yanayin zafi ƙasa da wuraren narkewar su, kuma waɗannan intermetallic za a iya haɗa su da kyau a saman gilashin da yumbu a babban zafin jiki. Sabili da haka, ana iya kammala hatimin gilashin da yumbura cikin nasara ta amfani da waɗannan zinare masu amsawa da fashewar abin fashewa.
(2) Hatimin yaɗuwar lokaci wata hanya ce ta gane dukkan hatimin ƙarƙashin wani matsi da zafin jiki lokacin da sassa biyu na kayan tari suka yi hulɗa da juna kuma su samar da wasu nakasar filastik, ta yadda atom ɗin su ya faɗaɗa su yi yarjejeniya da juna.
(3) Ana amfani da siyar da gilashin don rufe gilashin da farantin nama.
Rufe gilashin solder
(1) Gilashi, yumbu da gilashin solder yakamata a zaɓi kayan rufewa da farko, kuma ƙimar faɗaɗa ƙafa na uku yakamata ya dace, wanda shine maɓalli na farko don nasarar rufewa. Wani maɓalli shine cewa gilashin da aka zaɓa ya kamata a jika da kyau tare da gilashi da yumbu yayin rufewa, kuma sassan da aka rufe (gilashin da yumbu) kada su sami nakasar thermal, A ƙarshe, duk sassan bayan rufewa ya kamata su sami wasu ƙarfi.
(2) The aiki ingancin sassa: da sealing karshen fuskokin gilashin sassa, yumbu sassa da solder gilashin dole ne ya sami mafi girma flatness, in ba haka ba da kauri solder gilashin Layer ba m, wanda zai haifar da karuwa na sealing danniya, har ma da gubar. zuwa fashewar sassan ain.
(3) Mai ɗaure na foda gilashin solder na iya zama ruwa mai tsafta ko wasu kaushi na halitta. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da abubuwan kaushi na halitta azaman mai ɗaure, da zarar ba a zaɓi tsarin rufewa da kyau ba, za a rage carbon ɗin kuma gilashin solder zai yi baƙi. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da aka hatimi, za a rushe kaushin kwayoyin halitta, kuma za a saki iskar gas mai cutarwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Saboda haka, zabar ruwa mai tsabta kamar yadda zai yiwu.
(4) A kauri na matsa lamba solder gilashin Layer ne yawanci 30 ~ 50um. Idan matsin ya yi ƙanƙanta, idan gilashin gilashin ya yi kauri sosai, ƙarfin rufewa zai ragu, har ma za a samar da iskar gas. Saboda fuskar ƙarshen rufewa ba zai iya zama jirgin sama mai kyau ba, matsa lamba yana da girma, ƙayyadaddun dangi na gilashin gilashin kwalba ya bambanta sosai, wanda zai haifar da karuwar damuwa, har ma da haifar da fashewa.
(5) A ƙayyadaddun na stepwise dumama sama da aka soma ga crystallization sealing, wanda yana da biyu dalilai: daya ne don hana kumfa a cikin solder gilashin Layer lalacewa ta hanyar m ci gaban danshi a farkon mataki na dumama up, da sauran. shine don gujewa tsagewar gaba ɗaya da gilashin saboda rashin daidaituwar zafin jiki saboda saurin zafi lokacin da girman duka yanki da gilashin ya yi girma. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru zuwa zafin farko na mai siyar, gilashin solder ya fara fashewa. Babban zafin jiki na rufewa, dogon lokacin rufewa, da adadin fashewar samfur suna da fa'ida don haɓaka ƙarfin rufewa, amma ƙarancin iska yana raguwa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki yana da ƙasa, lokacin rufewa yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, abun da ke ciki na gilashin yana da girma, ƙarancin gas yana da kyau, amma ƙarfin rufewa yana raguwa, Bugu da ƙari, adadin masu bincike kuma yana rinjayar madaidaicin ƙaddamarwa na gilashin solder. Sabili da haka, don tabbatar da ingancin hatimi, ban da zaɓin gilashin siyar da ya dace, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun hatimi da tsari ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga fuskar gwaji. A cikin aiwatar da gilashin gilashin da yumbura, ya kamata a daidaita ƙayyadaddun hatimi bisa ga halaye na gilashin solder daban-daban.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-18-2021