Lypes Na Giya

Ya hada da Liqueur, giya, giya, Liqueur da sauran barasa masu dauke da barasa daban-daban. Ana yin barasa ta hanyar fermentation, tsarin da yisti ke karya sukari zuwa wani ruwa mai sha da ake kira ethanol.

Abun cikin ethanol yana tsakanin 0.5% da 75.5%, kuma ya ƙunshi wasu abubuwan gina jiki da abubuwan dandano. Akwai dubun-dubatar ruwan inabi iri-iri a duniya, kuma albarkatun da ake amfani da su wajen yin giya da abin da ke cikin giya su ma sun bambanta sosai. Don sauƙaƙe fahimta da ƙwaƙwalwa, mutane suna rarraba su ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Idan an rarraba ruwan inabin gwargwadon kayan samarwa, ana iya raba su zuwa kashi bakwai: giyar da ruwan inabi, ruwan inabi, da ruwan inabi.

Dangane da albarkatun kasa, ana iya raba ruwan inabi distilled zuwa brandy, whiskey, chivas da rum.

1. Brandy: brandy ne mai fermented, distilled ruwan inabi yi daga 'ya'yan itace. Brandy, kamar yadda aka sani, ruwan inabi ne da aka yi daga inabi ta hanyar fermentation da redistillation. Da sauran 'ya'yan itace a matsayin albarkatun kasa, ta hanyar hanyar yin ruwan inabi, sau da yawa a gaban brandy tare da sunan 'ya'yan itacen kayan marmari don bambanta nau'in. Ana kiran Brandy sau da yawa a matsayin "ruhun giya". Akwai ƙasashe da yawa da ke samar da brandy a duniya, amma brandy da aka samar a Faransa shine mafi sanannun.

Shahararrun samfuran cognac sun haɗa da remy Martin, hennessy, camus da royal deer hine.

Brandy, asali daga kalmar Dutch Brandewijn, na nufin "kone ruwan inabi". A cikin kunkuntar ma'ana, yana nufin da innabi fermentation bayan distillation da kuma samun wani babban mataki na barasa, sa'an nan kuma itacen oak ganga ajiya da ruwan inabi. Brandy shine ruwan inabi mai laushi, tare da 'ya'yan itace a matsayin albarkatun kasa, bayan fermentation, distillation, ajiyar ajiya. Distilled ruwan inabi tare da inabi kamar yadda albarkatun kasa ake kira innabi brandy, sau da yawa ya ce brandy, yana nufin brandy innabi. To sauran 'ya'yan itace albarkatun kasa a cikin brandy, ya kamata ƙara sunan 'ya'yan itace, apple brandy, ceri brandy, amma su shahararsa ne nisa kasa da tsohon babban.

Ana kiran Brandy sau da yawa a matsayin "ruhun giya". Akwai ƙasashe da yawa da ke samar da brandy a duniya, amma brandy da aka samar a Faransa shine mafi sanannun. Kuma a cikin brandy na Faransa homebred, samar da tare da cognac yankin musamman mafi kyau, samar ga arwen yi gaba (yamanek) yankin wuri. Baya ga brandy na Faransa, wasu ƙasashe masu samar da ruwan inabi, irin su Spain, Italiya, Portugal, Amurka, Peru, Jamus, Afirka ta Kudu, Girka da sauran ƙasashe, suna samar da nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban na brandy. Kasashen Cis sun samar da brandy, inganci kuma yana da kyau sosai.

· asalin tarihi

Brandy yana daya daga cikin giya na kasashen waje. Abin da ake kira ruwan inabi na waje yana nufin ruwan inabi na yamma. Brandy shine kalmar Yaren mutanen Holland don ƙona giya. Jiragen ruwan Holland dauke da gishiri zuwa gabar tekun Faransa a karni na 13 sun kawo ruwan inabi daga yankin cognac na Faransa zuwa kasashen da ke kan iyaka da tekun arewa, inda suka shahara. Ya zuwa karni na 16, karuwar samar da ruwan inabi da doguwar tafiya ta teku sun sa giyar Faransa ta yi kasala da rashin kasuwa. A wannan lokacin, ƙwararrun 'yan kasuwa na Holland suna amfani da waɗannan ruwan inabi a matsayin albarkatun kasa, ana sarrafa su a cikin inabi na inabi, irin waɗannan ruhohin ruhohi ba za su lalace ta hanyar sufuri mai nisa ba kawai, kuma saboda babban taro yana sa jigilar kaya, tallace-tallace na inabi distillation ya karu a hankali. , Yaren mutanen Holland a cikin sharan za a kafa ta yankin na kayan aikin distillation ya inganta sannu a hankali, Faransanci ya fara fahimtar fasahar distillation, da kuma ci gabanta a matsayin distillation na biyu, amma a wannan lokacin. inabi ruwan inabi ba shi da launi, abin da ake kira yanzu ruhohin ruhohi na brandy na asali.

A cikin 1701, Faransa ta shiga yaƙi da Spain. A wannan lokacin, sayar da inabi ya rushe kuma an adana manyan hannun jari a cikin ganga na itacen oak. Bayan yakin, mutane sun gano cewa brandy da aka adana a cikin ganga na itacen oak yana da ban mamaki sosai, mai dadi mai dadi, mai ƙanshi, launi yana da haske, zinariya amber, mai daraja da kyau. A wannan gaba, samar da samfur na brandy samar da fasaha - fermentation, distillation, ajiya, kuma aza harsashi ga ci gaban brandy.

Brandy ya samo asali ne a Faransa, a cikin karni na 12 AD, ana sayar da ruwan inabi na cognac zuwa kasashen Turai, jiragen ruwa na kasashen waje na jiragen ruwa suna zuwa tashar ruwa ta charende don sayen ruwan inabi. Game da tsakiyar karni na 16, don sauƙaƙe fitar da ruwan inabi, rage jigilar sawun ƙafa da ake buƙata ta yawan adadin fitar da harajin biyan kuɗi, amma kuma don gujewa saboda jigilar ruwan inabi mai nisa, al'amarin lalatar giya, da cognac. Dillalan ruwan inabi a garin ruwan inabi suna fitar da su bayan an tattara ruwan inabi, sannan a diluted ruwan masana'anta a daidai gwargwado don siyarwa. An san wannan ruwan inabin da aka ɗora da sunan alamar Faransa ta farko. A lokacin, mutanen Holland sun kira shi "Brandewijn," wanda ke nufin "Wining Burnt."

A farkon karni na 17, wasu yankuna na Faransa sun fara bin hanyar cognac na tsoma ruwan inabi, kuma a hankali Faransanci ya bazu zuwa dukkanin kasashen da ake samar da giya na Turai da ma duniya baki daya.

A cikin 1701, Faransa ta shiga cikin "yaƙin Mutanen Espanya" kuma an dakatar da brandy na Faransa. Dole ne 'yan kasuwa su adana brandy da kyau don bikin. Suna amfani da garin cognac mai arzikin itacen oak don yin ganga na itacen oak, brandy da aka adana a cikin ganga na katako. A ƙarshen yaƙin a shekara ta 1704, masu yin ruwan inabi sun yi mamakin ganin cewa wata alama ce marar launi ta rikiɗe zuwa wani kyakkyawan launi na amber. Tun daga nan, tsarin tsufa na ganga na itacen oak, cognac ya zama muhimmin tsari na samarwa. Irin wannan tsari na samarwa, kuma ya bazu zuwa duniya cikin sauri.

Bayan 1887, Faransa ta canza marufi na brandy da aka fitar da su daga kambun katako zuwa kambun katako da kwalabe. Tare da haɓakar fakitin samfurin, farashin cognac kuma ya karu, ci gaba da karuwar tallace-tallace. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, ana fitar da kayayyaki na cognac a kowace shekara ya kai 300 francs.

2. Wuski: whiskey abin sha ne da aka yi da hatsi kawai. Distilled barasa ne. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi azaman barasa mai tushe don haɗuwa, daga cikin abin da ya fi shahara da wakilcin wuski shine scotch whiskey, whiskey na Irish, whiskey na Amurka da whiskey na Kanada.

Shahararrun samfuran wuski sun haɗa da Jim beam, fure huɗu, farin doki, Turkiyya daji, cutty sark, makers mar da johnnie walker.

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Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, ba a san asalin wuski ba, amma ya tabbata cewa an samar da wiski a Scotland sama da shekaru 500 kuma ana daukarta a matsayin wurin haifuwar duk wasu barasa.

A cewar kungiyar Scotch Whiskey, Scotch Whiskey ya samo asali ne daga wani abin sha da ake kira Uisge Beatha, wanda ke nufin "ruwa don rayuwa."

Wuski na Scotch a cikin karni na 15, ƙari azaman maganin sanyi.

A cikin ƙarni na 11, sufaye na Irish sun isa Scotland don yaɗa Bishara, tare da su tare da distillation na scotch whisky.

A shekara ta 1780, akwai gidajen gyare-gyare na shari'a guda takwas kawai, idan aka kwatanta da fiye da 400 haramtattun distilleries na kowane girma. Sai da suka yanke sasanninta don yin shi, kuma sunan scotch whiskey yana ƙara tsananta.

A shekara ta 1823, majalisar dokokin Biritaniya ta zartar da Dokar Tattalin Arziki don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai sauƙi na haraji ga masu sana'a na doka yayin da suke "murkushe" barasa ba bisa ka'ida ba, wanda ya inganta ci gaban masana'antar whiskey na Scotch.

A cikin 1831, har yanzu an gabatar da shafi a cikin Scotland, wanda za'a iya distilled gabaɗaya, yana haɓaka haɓakar distillation sosai, don haka rage farashin whiskey kuma ya sa ya zama sananne.

3. Chivas: Shahararriyar chivas a duniya ita ce mafi girman darajar scotch whiskey. Abu ne mai hade da wuski, shine mafi kyawun mafi kyawun whiskey - mai laushi da laushi, salo na musamman, fice. Tare da arziƙinsa, salon sa na musamman da kuma dogon tarihi na sama da shekaru 200, chivas ya zama mafi girman darajar scotch whiskey a duniya.

Shahararrun samfuran chivas sun haɗa da vodka vodka, alamar Soviet ja stolichnaya, finlandia, cikakkar cikakkiya a Sweden, Goose mai launin toka a Faransa, itacen dusar ƙanƙara beveldere, Dutch van gogh da New Zealand ƙasa da digiri 42 42 ƙasa.

Chivas chivas, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1801 a Aberdeen, Scotland, shine farkon wanda ya fara samar da gaurayawar wuski a duniya kuma wanda ya kirkiri hadakar wuski sau uku. Wadanda suka kafa su ne James da John chivas.

Wanda aka sani da wanda ya kafa "haihuwar mala'ika", 'yan'uwa James chivas da John chivas chivas sune farkon wanda ya kirkiro chivas chivas, alamar da ke wakiltar launin ruwan hoda mai laushi, na musamman da kuma fice. Chivas chivas 18 - wiski na shekara ya dogara ne akan al'adar chivas chivas. Domin nuna kyakkyawan ingancinsa, kowace kwalban chivas chivas mai shekaru 18 na scotch whiskey tana ɗauke da sa hannun Colin Scott a zinare, wanda shaida ce ga attajirai, masu daraja da ƙayataccen whiskey.

Chivas regal shine mafi girman scotch premium whiskey a duniya. An kafa kamfanin chivas regal a Aberdeen, Scotland a cikin 1801 ta 'yan'uwa James da John chivas regal.

· asalin tarihi

Chivas regal, wakilin blended whisky, yana da dangantaka ta kud da kud da gidan sarautar Burtaniya. Ya samo asali ne a farkon karni na 19, lokacin da wasu 'yan'uwa biyu, James "chivas" da "John" chivas, suka gudanar da kantin sayar da kayan abinci a cikin garin Aberdeen mai yawan jama'a a gabar tekun Arewa maso Gabas ta Scotland. Sun gano fasahar haɗa nau'ikan giya da yawa da kuma sirrin adana ruwan inabi a cikin ganga na itacen oak. A cikin kaka na 1842, Sarauniya Victoria ta fara ziyararta a Scotland kuma ta ƙaunaci kyawawan yanayinta da whiskey.

Ƙarshe a cikin jerin chivas, "salute 21 whisky", an ƙirƙira shi musamman a cikin 1953 don bikin nadin sarautar Sarauniya Elizabeth II. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga tsohuwar al'adar sojojin ruwa ta masarautar suna harbin gaisuwar bindiga 21 cikin girmamawa. Tsananin gaisuwar sarauta yana bayyana a cikin zaɓen ganga na itacen oak don giya. Na farko, dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi don ya daɗe. Na biyu, dole ne ya sanya sherry na Sipaniya ko bourbon na Amurka. Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne, ruwan inabi ya kai shekaru akalla 21, kuma dattin da ke cikin giya yana dauke da iska mai dadi ta hanyar numfashin itacen oak, yayin da barasa kuma yana shan kamshin itacen oak.

Bayan shekaru 21, an rage barasa zuwa kashi 60 cikin 100 na ainihin abin da ke cikinsa, kuma ana buƙatar haɗaɗɗen sinadarai na musamman don samar da kyakkyawar gaisuwa mai sarkakiya. Idan kawai kuna farawa da whiskey kuma kuna neman wani abu mai sauƙi don sabawa, CHIVAS REGEL yana cikin jerin. Wannan 12 - shekara - tsohuwar barasa mai gauraye yana da hali mai laushi da laushi mai laushi. Whiskey ba tare da sanin CHIVAS REGEL da wanda ya yi shi CHIVAS BROTHERS LTD kamar shan giya na kasa ba tare da sanin moutai ba. CHIVAS co-kafa James CHIVAS ya fara yin na farko blended whiskey, ROYAL GLEN DEE, a 1841, tare da babban nasara. A shekara ta 1843, Sarauniya Victoria ta ba shi taken "Mai Tsayar da Kayan Kaya ga Mai Girmanta." Ma'anar "mai ba da kayayyaki na sarki," 'yan'uwa James da John Chivas sun kafa Chivas BROTHER a hukumance a 1857. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun brands, irin su RoyalStrathythan da Loch Nevis, sun fara samarwa a wannan lokacin. Kusan shekaru goma na ƙarshe na karni na 19 ne CHIVASBROTHER ya fara samar da mafi shaharar samfurin su: CHIVAS REGAL.

4. Rum: ruhin da aka yi daga molasses na rake, wanda kuma aka sani da rum, rum, ko rum. Asalinsa a Cuba, yana da dadi kuma yana da kamshi a cikin palate

Rum, shine molasses na sukari a matsayin albarkatun kasa don samar da ruwan inabi mai laushi, wanda aka sani da sukari, rum, rum. Asalinsa a Cuba, yana da dadi kuma yana da kamshi a cikin palate. Rum ruwan 'ya'yan itace ne da aka haɗe, wanda aka yi da gwangwani. Dangane da nau'o'in albarkatun kasa da hanyoyi daban-daban, ana iya raba rum zuwa: ruwan inabi na rum, ruwan inabi na rum, rum mai haske, rum sau da yawa, rum mai karfi da sauransu, dauke da barasa 38% zuwa 50%, amber barasa, launin ruwan kasa, amma kuma. mara launi.

· asalin tarihi

Asalin rum yana cikin jamhuriyar Cuba. Rum ruwan inabi ne na Cuban gargajiya, jamhuriyar Cuba rum maigida ne ya kera shi a matsayin kayan da ake amfani da su na sukari na sukari da aka yi da sukari a cikin farar ganga na itacen oak, bayan shekaru da yawa ana yin girki a hankali, wanda ya haifar da wani ɗanɗano na musamman, wanda ba ya misaltuwa. , kuma ta haka ya zama abin sha na Cuban da aka fi so. Rum samfuri ne na halitta wanda aka yi daga rake na sukari. Dukkanin tsarin samarwa daga zaɓin hankali na albarkatun ƙasa, haɓakar haɓakar barasa na gaba, tsufa na barasa na sukari, yana da matukar kulawa sosai. Ingancin rum ya dogara da shekarun ruwan inabi, daga shekara guda zuwa shekaru da yawa. Siffofin shekaru uku da bakwai, yawanci ana siyarwa akan kasuwa, suna da abun ciki na barasa na 38 ° da 40 °, bi da bi, kuma ana yin su ba tare da manyan barasa ba don adana ƙamshi mai daɗi. Tarihin rum na Cuba wani muhimmin bangare ne na tarihin jamhuriyar Cuba.

Columbus ya zo Cuba a tafiyarsa ta biyu zuwa Amurka. Ya kawo tushen ciwon sukari daga tsibirin Canary. Abin da ba zato ba tsammani shi ne tushen ya maye gurbin zinariyar da ta zo tsibirin, wanda 'yan asalin ƙasar suka kira Cipango.

A cikin wani makala don tunawa da Paparoma Ferdinand da Paparoma Isabella, wani ya rubuta: “An dasa yankan rake a cikin ƙasa ɗaya bayan ɗaya kuma yana girma ya zama babba.” Sauyin yanayi na Cuba: ƙasa mai albarka, ruwa, da hasken rana sun ba da damar sabbin kayan amfanin gona su yi girma a kusa da sarakunan Indiya, da rake don girma a tsibirin.

Kayan aikin farko da Indiyawan suka yi amfani da su wajen yin ruwan rake ana kiransu La Cunyaya. Daga nan kuma sai masana’antar sikari da dabbobi (dawakai da shanu) ke sarrafa su, sai kuma masana’antar sikari tare da kara amfani da na’urori masu karfin wutan lantarki, daga karshe kuma injinan sukari na zamani. An maye gurbin ma'aikata na asali da bakaken bayi da aka kawo daga Afirka kuma ya zama muhimmin abu a ci gaban masana'antar sukari a cikin Jamhuriyar Cuba. A cikin 1539, a cikin dokar sarki Carlos v, an sami wasu samfuran masana'antar sukari, irin su farin sukari, ɗanyen sukari, sukari mai tsafta, sukari mai ladabi, ƙura, datti mai laushi, paddle sucrose, zuma sucrose, da sauransu.

Wani ɗan mishan na Faransa Jean Baptiste Labat a shekara ta 1663-1738 ya ga “mutanen ƙabila, ƴan ƙaya da ƙanƙanta na mazaunan tsibirin a cikin yanayin rayuwarsu na farko, suna yin abin sha mai daɗi da kuma ruwan ɗumbin rake. Bayan sha na iya sa mutane su yi farin ciki kuma yana iya kawar da gajiya. Ana yin wannan abin sha ta hanyar fermentation. Turawa sun san wannan hanya tun karni na 18. Bayan 'yan fashin, 'yan kasuwa sun zo Cuba. Daya daga cikinsu, Francis. Drake sananne ne don kiran sanannen abin sha dangane da rake na sukari yana shaoxing Draque.

Cubans sun ce barasa, an yi shi ne daga ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ganyayen barasa, a cikin Antilles, Colombia, Honduras da Mexico suna yin shochu, an yi su ne daga molasses na sukari ta hanyar fermentation, bambancin shi ne cewa jamhuriyar Cuba ta bayyana a fili, tare da wani abu. kamshi mai daɗi, rum na Cuban wani fasalin tsarin samarwa ne.

A shekara ta 1791, Cuba ta mallaki sukari a ketare zuwa Turai bayan tarzomar da bayin Haiti suka lalata masana'antar sukari.

A tsakiyar karni na 19, tare da gabatarwar injin tururi, da shuka rake da rum factory ya karu a cikin Jamhuriyar Cuba, Cuba a 1837 aza layin dogo, gabatar da jerin ci-gaba da fasaha, akwai alaka da. fasahar noma, 'yan mulkin mallaka na Spain sun yanke shawarar ɗaukar matakan haɓaka masana'antar sukari cikin ƙarfi na jamhuriyar Cuba ta ba da izinin fitar da jumhuriyar sikari.

Gabatar da sabon fasaha ya canza tsarin samarwa. Cuba yana samar da rum mai ƙarancin barasa - mai kyau, rum mai laushi tare da dogon lokaci, dandano mai dadi. Shan rum ya zama wani bangare na rayuwar yau da kullun a Cuba. Babban masu kera su ne Havana, cardenas, cienfuegos da Santiago DE Cuba. Mulata, San Carlos, Bocoy, Matusalen, kulob din Havana, Arechavala da Bacardi sun karu sosai bayan da 'yan kasuwan Cuban suka maye gurbin giyar da aka yi da hannu tare da samar da tsari.

Daga 1966 zuwa 1967, duk fitar da jita-jita daga Cuba tun daga wannan lokacin an yi musu lakabi da alamar tabbatar da inganci don nuna inganci da ingancin jita-jita. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan jita-jita guda tara, kamar gaurayawan yarinya, Santero… Da sauransu.