Babban albarkatun kasa don yin kwalabe gilashi
Abubuwan daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su don shirya nau'in gilashin ana kiran su a matsayin kayan albarkatun gilashi. Batch ɗin gilashin don samar da masana'antu cakudu ne na gabaɗaya 7 zuwa 12 daidaikun abubuwan. Dangane da adadin su da amfani, Ana iya raba su zuwa manyan kayan gilashi da kayan haɗi.
Babban albarkatun kasa yana nufin wani ɗanyen abu wanda aka shigar da nau'ikan oxides daban-daban a cikin gilashin, kamar yashi quartz, sandstone, farar ƙasa, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, fili na gubar, mahaɗan bismuth, da sauransu, waɗanda aka canza zuwa cikin gilashin. gilashin bayan rushewa.
Kayayyakin taimako kayan aiki ne waɗanda ke ba gilashin wasu mahimman tsari ko haɓakar narkewa. Ana amfani da su a cikin ƙananan kuɗi, amma suna aiki mai mahimmanci. Ana iya raba su zuwa wakilai masu bayyanawa da masu canza launin dangane da rawar da suke takawa.
Decolorizer, opacifier, oxidant, juyi.
Gilashin albarkatun kasa sun fi rikitarwa, amma ana iya raba su zuwa manyan albarkatun kasa da kayan taimako gwargwadon ayyukansu. Babban kayan albarkatun kasa sune babban jikin gilashin kuma suna ƙayyade ainihin kayan jiki da sinadarai na gilashin. Abubuwan taimako suna ba da kaddarorin musamman ga gilashin kuma suna kawo dacewa ga tsarin masana'anta.
1, manyan albarkatun gilashin
(1) Yashi na Silica ko Borax: Babban abin da ke tattare da yashi na silica ko borax da aka shigar a cikin gilashin shine silica ko boron oxide, wanda za'a iya narkar da shi daban a cikin jikin gilashi yayin konewa, wanda ke ƙayyade ainihin kayan gilashin, wanda ake kira silicate glass. ko boron. Gilashin gishiri acid.
(2) Soda ko Glauber's gishiri: Babban bangaren soda da sairdite da aka gabatar a cikin gilashin shine sodium oxide. A cikin ƙididdigewa, suna samar da gishiri biyu mai fusible tare da acidic oxide kamar yashi silica, wanda ke aiki azaman juzu'i kuma yana sa gilashin sauƙi don samuwa. Duk da haka, idan abun ciki ya yi yawa, ƙimar haɓakar zafin jiki na gilashin zai karu kuma ƙarfin ƙarfi zai ragu.
(3) Limestone, dolomite, feldspar, da dai sauransu: Babban abin da ake amfani da shi na farar ƙasa da aka shigar a cikin gilashin shi ne calcium oxide, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin sinadarai da ƙarfin gilashin, amma abin da ya wuce kima yana sa gilashin yayi crystallized kuma yana rage juriya na zafi.
A matsayin kayan albarkatun kasa don gabatar da magnesium oxide, dolomite na iya ƙara nuna gaskiyar gilashin, rage haɓakar thermal, da inganta juriya na ruwa.
Ana amfani da Feldspar azaman albarkatun ƙasa don gabatarwar alumina, wanda ke sarrafa zafin narkewa kuma yana inganta karko. Bugu da kari, feldspar kuma na iya samar da abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarin potassium oxide don inganta abubuwan fadada thermal na gilashin.
(4) Gilashin da aka karye: Gabaɗaya magana, ba duk sabbin kayan da ake amfani da su ba ne don kera gilashin, amma 15% -30% fashe gilashin ana haɗa su.
2, Gilashin kayan taimako
(1) Wakilin Decolorizing: ƙazanta a cikin albarkatun ƙasa, irin su baƙin ƙarfe oxide, zai kawo launi zuwa gilashin. Ana amfani da soda da aka saba amfani da su, sodium carbonate, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, da sauransu. ana amfani da su azaman wakilai masu canza launi, waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin launuka zuwa launi na asali a cikin gilashin. Gilashin ya zama mara launi. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wakili mai rage launi mai iya samar da fili mai launi mai haske tare da ƙazanta masu launi, irin su sodium carbonate wanda za a iya sanya shi tare da baƙin ƙarfe oxide don samar da ferric oxide, ta yadda gilashin ya canza daga kore zuwa rawaya.
(2) Launi: Wasu ƙarfe oxides za a iya narkar da kai tsaye a cikin maganin gilashi don canza launin gilashin. Idan baƙin ƙarfe oxide ya sa gilashin ya zama rawaya ko kore, manganese oxide zai iya fitowa purple, cobalt oxide zai iya zama shuɗi, nickel oxide zai iya zama launin ruwan kasa, kuma jan karfe oxide da chromium oxide na iya bayyana kore.
(3) Wakili mai fayyace: Wakilin bayyanawa na iya rage dankowar gilashin, ta yadda kumfa da sinadaran da ke haifar da su za su iya tserewa cikin sauki kuma su fayyace. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na bayyanawa sune alli, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, ammonium salts, manganese dioxide da makamantansu.
(4) Opacifier: Opacifier na iya juyar da gilashin zuwa jikin farar fata mai laushi. Opacifiers da aka fi amfani da su sune cryolite, sodium fluorosilicate, tin phosphide, da makamantansu. Suna iya ƙirƙirar barbashi na 0.1 - 1.0 μm da aka dakatar a cikin gilashi don sanya gilashin ya ɓace.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba 22-2019