Loaʻa i ka Liqueur, ka pia, ka waina, ka Liqueur a me nā waiʻona ʻē aʻe me nā mea ʻona ʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia ka waiʻona ma ka fermentation, kahi hana e wāwahi ai ka hū i nā kō i loko o kahi wai inu i kapa ʻia he ethanol.
Aia ka ethanol ma waena o 0.5% a me 75.5%, a aia kekahi mau meaʻai a me nā mea ʻono. He ʻumi kaukani nā ʻano waina like ʻole ma ka honua, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka waina a me ka ʻona o ka waina. I mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻomaopopo a me ka hoʻomanaʻo, hoʻokaʻawale nā kānaka iā lākou ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Inā hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka waina e like me nā mea hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻehiku mau ʻāpana: ka waina palaoa, nā mea ʻala a me ka waina lāʻau, ka waina hua, ka waiū a me ka hua waina, kanu i ka waina serous, mead a me ka waina hui ʻia.
Wahi a nā kumu waiwai, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka waina ʻē aʻe i ka brandy, whisky, chivas a me ka rum.
1. Brandy: ʻO ka brandy kahi waina i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i hana ʻia mai nā hua. ʻO Brandy, e like me ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia, he waina i hana ʻia mai nā hua waina ma ka fermentation a me ka reddistillation. A me nā huaʻai ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea maka, ma ke ʻano like o ka hana ʻana i ka waina, pinepine i mua o ka brandy me ka inoa o nā huaʻai maka e ʻike ai i kona ʻano. Ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo Brandy ʻo "ka ʻuhane o ka waina". Nui nā ʻāina e hana ana i ka brandy ma ka honua, akā ʻo ka brandy i hana ʻia ma Farani ka mea kaulana loa.
ʻO nā brand cognac kaulana ʻo remy Martin, hennessy, camus a me royal deer hine.
ʻO Brandy, mai ka huaʻōlelo Dutch ʻo Brandewijn, ʻo ia ka "waina kuni". Ma ka haiki manao, e pili ana i ka hua waina fermentation ma hope o distillation a loaʻa i ka kiʻekiʻe degere o ka waiʻona, a laila oak barela waiho a me ka waina. ʻO Brandy kahi waina i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, me nā huaʻai e like me nā mea maka, ma hope o ka fermentation, distillation, mālama brewing. ʻO ka waina i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka hua waina ma ke ʻano he mea maka ua kapa ʻia ʻo grape brandy. I nā huaʻala ʻē aʻe i ka lama, pono e hoʻohui i ka inoa o ka hua, apple brandy, cherry brandy, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou kaulana ma mua o ka mea nui.
Ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo Brandy ʻo "ka ʻuhane o ka waina". Nui nā ʻāina e hana ana i ka brandy ma ka honua, akā ʻo ka brandy i hana ʻia ma Farani ka mea kaulana loa. A i loko o ka brandy o Farani homebred, hua me ka cognac wahi oi aku ka nani loa, hua no arwen yi aʻe (yamanek) wahi wahi. Ma waho aʻe o ka brandy Farani, nā ʻāina hana waina ʻē aʻe, e like me Sepania, Italia, Pokukala, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Peru, Kelemānia, ʻApelika Hema, Helene a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, e hana pū kekahi i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka brandy. Ua hana nā ʻāina Cis i ka brandy, maikaʻi loa ka maikaʻi.
· kumu mōʻaukala
ʻO Brandy kekahi o nā waina haole. ʻO ka waina ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka waina komohana. ʻO Brandy ka huaʻōlelo Dutch no ka waina kuni. ʻO nā moku Dutch e lawe ana i ka paʻakai i ke kahakai Farani i ka makahiki 13 i lawe mai i nā waina mai ka ʻāina cognac o Farani i nā ʻāina e pili ana i ke kai ʻākau, kahi i kaulana ai lākou. Ma ke kenekulia 16, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hana waina a me ka huakaʻi lōʻihi ma ke kai ua lilo nā waina Farani i palau a hiki ʻole ke kūʻai aku. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ka poʻe kālepa Dutch akamai i kēia waina ma ke ʻano he mea maka, i hana ʻia i nā hua waina, ʻaʻole e hoʻopōʻino ʻia nā ʻuhane i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka halihali lōʻihi ʻaʻole wale, a ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hōʻemi ai i ka ukana, ua piʻi mālie ke kūʻai ʻana i ka waina distillation. , ka Dutch ma sharan e hoonohoia e ka aina o ka distillation lako ua hoʻomaikaʻi mālie, ka Palani hoʻomaka e hopu i ka 'enehana distillation, a me kona ulu ana e like me ka lua distillation, akā, i keia manawa o ka waina huawaina he colorless, ka mea i kapaia i keia manawa. nā ʻuhane i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
I ka makahiki 1701, ua komo o Farani i ke kaua me Sepania. I loko o kēia manawa, ua hāʻule ke kūʻai aku i nā hua waina a pono e mālama ʻia nā waihona nui i loko o nā pahu ʻoka. Ma hope o ke kaua, ua ʻike ka poʻe he nani maoli ka brandy i mālama ʻia i loko o nā pahu ʻoka, ʻono maikaʻi, ʻono, ʻano aniani ke kala, amber gula, nani a nani. I kēia manawa, hoʻopuka i ka prototype o ka ʻenehana hana brandy - fermentation, distillation, waiho ʻana i ke kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka brandy.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Brandy ma Farani, i ke kenekulia 12 AD, ua kūʻai ʻia ka hana cognac o ka waina i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, hele pinepine mai nā moku kalepa haole i ke awa kahakai e kūʻai i kāna waina. Ma kahi o ka waena o ke kenekulia 16, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka lawe ʻana aku i ka waina, e hoʻemi i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā wāwae wāwae a pono e ka nui o nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻauhau uku, akā e pale aku hoʻi no ka lōʻihi o ka lawe ʻana i ka waina degenerate phenomenon, ka cognac ʻO nā mea kūʻai waina ma ke kūlanakauhale o ka waina e hoʻokuʻu aku ma hope o ka distillation concentration, a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai hale hana e loaʻa ai i ka nui no ke kūʻai aku. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia waina hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo ka brandy Farani mua. I kēlā manawa, kapa ʻia e ka Dutch ʻo "Brandewijn," ʻo ia hoʻi ka "Wina kuni."
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 17, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o Farani e hahai i ke ʻano cognac o ka distilling waina, a na Farani i hoʻolaha mālie i nā ʻāina hana waina o ʻEulopa a puni ka honua.
I ka makahiki 1701, ua komo ʻo Farani i ke "kaua o ka hoʻololi ʻana o Sepania" a ua pāpā pū ʻia ka brandy Farani. Pono nā mea kālepa e mālama pono i ka brandy no ia manawa. Hoʻohana lākou i ke kaona o ka cognac waiwai nui e hana i nā barela ʻoka, brandy i mālama ʻia i loko o nā pahu lāʻau. I ka pau ʻana o ke kaua i ka makahiki 1704, ua kāhāhā ka poʻe hana waina i ka ʻike ʻana ua lilo ka brandy kala ʻole i kala amber nani. Mai ia manawa mai, ua lilo ka cognac i mea hana nui. ʻO kēia ʻano kaʻina hana, hoʻolaha koke i ka honua.
Ma hope o ka makahiki 1887, ua hoʻololi ʻo Farani i ka ʻeke o ka brandy i lawe ʻia i waho mai nā pahu lāʻau i nā pahu lāʻau a me nā ʻōmole. Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻeke huahana, ua hoʻonui pū ʻia nā kumukūʻai cognac, ka piʻi mau o nā kūʻai. Wahi a nā helu helu, ua hiki i ka 300 miliona francs ke kūʻai aku i nā kūʻai cognac.
2. Whiskey: ʻo ka whiskey kahi mea inu ʻona i hana ʻia mai ka palaoa wale nō. He waiʻona hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia ma ke ʻano he kumu inu no ka hui ʻana, ma waena o nā whiskey kaulana loa a me nā ʻelele he scotch whisky, Irish whisky, American whiskey a me Kanada whiskey.
ʻO nā brand whiskey kaulana ʻo Jim beam, ʻehā rose, lio keʻokeʻo, Turkey wild, cutty sark, makers mar a me johnnie walker
· kumu mōʻaukala
I ka makahiki 2014, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka whiskey, akā ʻike maopopo ʻia ua hana ʻia ka whiskey ma Scotland no nā makahiki he 500 a ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka wahi hānau o nā whiskey āpau.
Wahi a ka Scotch Whiskey Association, ua ulu ʻia ʻo Scotch Whiskey mai kahi inu i kapa ʻia ʻo Uisge Beatha, ʻo ia hoʻi ka "wai no ke ola."
ʻO ka whiskey Scotch i ke kenekulia 15, ʻoi aku ma ke ʻano he lāʻau anu.
I ke kenekulia 11, ua hōʻea nā mōneka Irish i ʻEkokia e hoʻolaha i ka ʻeuanelio, me ka lawe pū ʻana me lākou i ka distillation o ka whisky scotch.
I ka makahiki 1780, ʻewalu wale nō nā hale hoʻoheheʻe kānāwai, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 400 mau hale hoʻoheheʻe hewa ʻole o nā nui āpau. Pono lākou e ʻoki i nā kihi e hana ai, a ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kaulana o ka whiskey scotch.
I ka makahiki 1823, ua hoʻoholo ka pāremata Pelekāne i ka Excise Act no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kaiapuni ʻauhau maʻalahi no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūpono ʻoiai ʻo ka "hoʻopau ʻana" i nā distillers hewa ʻole, ka mea i hāpai nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana whiskey scotch.
I ka makahiki 1831, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke kolamu ma Scotland, hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻia, e hoʻonui nui ana i ka pono o ka distillation, no laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kumukūʻai o ka whiskey a kaulana loa ia.
3. ʻO Chivas: ʻo ka chivas kaulana i ka honua ka whisky scotch premium hanohano. He hui ia o ka whiskey, ʻo ia ka maikaʻi o ka whiskey maikaʻi loa - mellow a palupalu, ʻano ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa. Me kona ʻano waiwai, kū hoʻokahi a me ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi ma mua o 200 mau makahiki, ua lilo ʻo chivas i ka whisky scotch premium kaulana loa ma ka honua.
ʻO nā inoa chivas kaulana e pili ana i ka vodka vodka, Soviet red brand stolichnaya, finlandia, absolute absolute ma Suedena, hina hina ma Farani, polish snow tree beveldere, Dutch van gogh a me New Zealand ma lalo o 42 degrees 42below
ʻO Chivas chivas, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1801 ma Aberdeen, ʻEkokia, ʻo ia ka mea hana mua o ka honua i nā whiskey i hui ʻia a me ka mea nāna i hana i ka hui ʻekolu o nā whiskey. ʻO James lāua ʻo John chivas nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i "ka hānau ʻana o kahi ʻānela", ʻo nā kaikunāne ʻo James chivas lāua ʻo John chivas chivas ka mea mua i hana i ka chivas chivas, kahi hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka whisky mellow, kū hoʻokahi a maikaʻi. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Chivas chivas 18 - makahiki whiskey ma ka kuʻuna chivas chivas. I mea e hōʻike ai i kona ʻano maikaʻi, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻōmole chivas chivas 18-makahiki scotch whisky e kau ana i ka pūlima o Colin Scott i ke gula, he hōʻike ia i ka whisky scotch waiwai, hanohano a nani.
ʻO Chivas regal ka whiskey scotch premium kaulana loa ma ka honua. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hui chivas regal ma Aberdeen, Scotland i ka makahiki 1801 e nā kaikunāne ʻo James lāua ʻo John chivas regal.
· kumu mōʻaukala
ʻO Chivas regal, ka ʻelele o ka whisky i hui ʻia, he pilina pili me ka ʻohana aliʻi Pelekania. Hoʻomaka ia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, i ka wā i holo ai nā kaikunāne ʻelua, ʻo James "chivas" a me "John" chivas, i kahi hale kūʻai ma ke kūlanakauhale nui o Aberdeen ma ke kahakai ʻĀkau-hikina o Scotland. Ua ʻike lākou i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea ʻono o ka waina a me ka mea huna o ka mālama ʻana i ka waina i loko o nā pahu ʻoka. I ka hāʻule ʻana o ka makahiki 1842, ua kipa mua ʻo Victoria Victoria i kāna kipa mua ʻana i ʻEkokia a ua aloha ʻo ia i kona nani nani a me ka whisky.
ʻO ka hope loa o ka moʻo chivas, "royal salute 21 whisky", i hana kūikawā ʻia i ka makahiki 1953 e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ka poni ʻana o ke aliʻi wahine ʻo Elizabeth ii. Loaʻa ka inoa mai ka moʻomeheu kahiko o ka navy aliʻi e kī ana i kahi aloha 21-gun i ka mahalo kiʻekiʻe. ʻIke ʻia ke koʻikoʻi o ke aloha aliʻi i ke koho ʻino ʻana o nā barela ʻoka no ka waiʻona. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ka ikaika a hiki i ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka lua, pono e mālama ʻia ka sherry Spanish a i ʻole ka bourbon ʻAmelika. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ka piha ʻana o ka waina no ka liʻiliʻi he 21 makahiki, a ʻo nā haumia o ka waina e lawe ʻia e ka ea hou ma o ka hanu ʻoka, a ʻo ka whiskey hoʻi e komo i ka ʻala o ka ʻoka.
Ma hope o 21 mau makahiki, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka waiʻona i 60 pakeneka wale nō o kāna ʻike kumu, a pono kahi hui kūʻokoʻa o nā mea kanu e hana ai i kahi aloha aliʻi waiwai a paʻakikī. Inā ʻoe e hoʻomaka wale ana me ka whiskey a ke ʻimi nei ʻoe i kahi mea maʻalahi e maʻa, aia ʻo CHIVAS REGEL ma ka papa inoa. ʻO kēia whiskey hui pū ʻia he 12 mau makahiki he ʻano palupalu a me kahi ʻano maʻalahi. ʻO Whiskey me ka ʻike ʻole e pili ana iā CHIVAS REGEL a me kāna mea hana ʻo CHIVAS BROTHERS LTD e like me ka inu ʻana i ka waina aupuni me ka ʻike ʻole e pili ana i ka moutai. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo James CHIVAS ka mea hoʻokumu ʻo CHIVAS e hana i kāna whisky hui mua, ʻo ROYAL GLEN DEE, i ka makahiki 1841, me ka lanakila nui. I ka makahiki 1843, ua hāʻawi ʻo Queen Victoria iā ia i ka inoa "Purveyor of Grocery to Her Majesty." ʻO ke ʻano o ka "mea hoʻolako aliʻi," ua hoʻokumu nā kaikunāne ʻo James lāua ʻo John Chivas iā Chivas BROTHER i ka makahiki 1857. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona kaulana loa, e like me RoyalStrathythan a me Loch Nevis, hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i kēia manawa. Ma kahi o nā makahiki hope loa o ke kenekulia 19 i hoʻomaka ai ʻo CHIVASBROTHER i kā lākou huahana kaulana loa: CHIVAS REGAL.
4. Rum: he ʻuhane hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i hana ʻia me ka molasses kō, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he rama, rama, a i ʻole rama. Mai Cuba, he ʻono a ʻala ma ka ʻāʻī
ʻO ka rama, he molasses kō ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai e hana ai i ka waina i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he kō, rama, rama. Mai Cuba, he ʻono a ʻala ma ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka Rum he wai fermented, distilled wai i hana ʻia mai ke kō. E like me nā ʻano mea like ʻole a me nā ʻano hana brewing, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka rum i: rum waina keʻokeʻo, rum waina kahiko, lama māmā, rum pinepine, ikaika rama a pēlā aku, loaʻa ka waiʻona 38% a 50%, liquor amber, brown, akā pū kekahi. kala ole.
· kumu mōʻaukala
Aia ke kumu o ka rama ma ka repubalika o Cuba. ʻO Rum ka waina Cuban kuʻuna, ʻo ka repubalika o Cuba rum i hana ʻia e ka haku e like me nā mea maka o ke kō kō i hana ʻia i ke kō i loko o nā pahu ʻoka keʻokeʻo, ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, e hopena i kahi ʻono ʻokoʻa ʻole. , a pēlā e lilo ai i mea inu punahele na nā cubans. ʻO ka Rum kahi huahana kūlohelohe i hana ʻia mai ke kō. ʻO ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa mai ke koho akahele ʻana i nā mea maka, ka hana ma hope o ka distillation waiʻona, ka ʻelemakule ʻawaʻawa kō, he mana koʻikoʻi loa ia. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka rama e pili ana i ka makahiki o ka waina, mai hoʻokahi makahiki a hiki i nā makahiki he nui. ʻO nā mana ʻekolu - a me ʻehiku mau makahiki, kūʻai pinepine ʻia ma ka mākeke, loaʻa ka ʻona ʻona o 38 ° a me 40 °, kēlā me kēia, a ua hana ʻia me ka ʻole o nā waiʻona kaumaha e mālama i ka ʻala ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o Cuban rum kahi ʻāpana o ka mōʻaukala o ka repubalika o Cuba.
Ua hele mai ʻo Columbus i Cuba i kāna huakaʻi ʻelua i ʻAmelika. Ua lawe mai ʻo ia i ke aʻa o ke kō mai nā mokupuni canary. ʻO ka mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, ua pani nā aʻa i ke gula i hiki mai i ka mokupuni, i kapa ʻia e nā kamaʻāina ʻo Cipango.
Ma kahi ʻatikala e hoʻomanaʻo iā Pope Ferdinand lāua ʻo Pope Isabella, ua kākau kekahi: "ʻO ke kō i ʻoki ʻia i kanu ʻia i ka lepo pakahi a ulu a lilo i ʻāpana nui." ʻO ke ea o Cuba: ʻo ka lepo momona, ka wai, a me ka lā i hiki ai i nā mea kanu hou ke ulu a puni nā aliʻi India, a me ke kō e ulu ma ka mokupuni.
ʻO nā mea hana mua i hoʻohana ʻia e ka poʻe ʻInikini no ka hana ʻana i ka wai ʻohe i kapa ʻia ʻo La Cunyaya. A laila hele mai nā wili kō i hoʻohana ʻia e nā holoholona (lio a me nā pipi), a laila nā wili kō me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā mea hana hydraulic mana kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka hope nā wili kō hou. Ua pani ʻia ka poʻe hana mua e nā kauā ʻeleʻele i lawe ʻia mai ʻApelika a lilo i mea koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana kō ma ka repubalika o Cuba. I ka makahiki 1539, ma ke kauoha a ka moi carlos v, ua ikeia kekahi mau mea waiwai o ka oihana ko, e like me ke ko keokeo, ke kopaa, ke ko maemae, ke ko maemae, ke kopa, ke kopa, ka hoe sucrose, ka meli sucrose, etc.
Ua ʻike ka mikionali Farani ʻo Jean Baptiste Labat 1663-1738 i "ka poʻe ʻōiwi, nā negero a me kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā kamaʻāina o ka mokupuni i ko lākou kūlana mua o ke ola, e hana ana i kahi mea inu ʻawaʻawa a ikaika i ka wai kō. Ma hope o ka inu ʻana, hiki i ka poʻe ke hauʻoli a hiki ke hoʻopau i ka luhi. Hana ʻia kēia inu ma ka fermentation. Ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻEulopa i kēia ʻano mai ka makahiki 18. Ma hope o nā pōā, hele mai nā mea kālepa i Cuba. ʻO kekahi o lākou, ʻo Francis. Ua kaulana ʻo Drake no ke kapa ʻana i kahi inu kaulana e pili ana i ke kō shaoxing he Draque.
Wahi a ka poʻe Cuba, ʻo ka waiʻona ko, ua hana ʻia mai ka wai kō i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ka waiʻona, ma nā Antilles, Colombia, Honduras a me Mekiko ke hana nei i ka shochu, ua hana ʻia mai nā molasses ko ma ka fermentation, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ʻo ka repubalika o Cuba rum akaka, me ka ʻala ʻoluʻolu, ʻo Cuban rum kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke kaʻina hana.
I ka makahiki 1791, ua hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Cuba i ke kō i ʻEulopa ma hope o nā haunaele a nā kauā Haitian i luku ai i nā hale kō.
ʻO ka waena o ke kenekulia 19, me ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka ʻenekini mahu, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea kanu kō a me ka hale hana rama ma ka repubalika o Cuba, Cuba i ka makahiki 1837 i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ke kaʻaahi, ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi ʻano ʻenehana holomua, aia nā pili me ka brewing technology, Spanish colonial hoʻoholo i nā hana e hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka ʻoihana koʻikoʻi o ka repubalika o Cuba i ʻae i ka lawe ʻana aku i ka repubalika o ke kō.
ʻO ka hoʻokomoʻana i kaʻenehana hou i hoʻololi i ka hana hana. Hoʻopuka ʻo Cuba i kahi lama waiʻona haʻahaʻa - he lama maikaʻi, mellow me ka ʻono lōʻihi a lōʻihi. Ua lilo ka inu rama i ʻāpana o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā ma Cuba. ʻO nā mea hana nui ʻo Havana, cardenas, cienfuegos a me Santiago DE Cuba. ʻO Mulata, San Carlos, Bocoy, Matusalen, Havana club, Arechavala a me Bacardi i hoʻonui nui i ka hana ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻoihana Cuban i nā waina i hana lima ʻia me ka hana pūʻulu.
Mai ka makahiki 1966 a hiki i ka makahiki 1967, ua kapa inoa ia na mea kuai rama a pau mai Cuba mai me ka lepili hooiaio maikai e hoike ai i ka maikai a me ka oiaio o ka rama. ʻEiwa mau lama o kēia rama, e like me ke kaikamahine hui ʻia, Santero… A pēlā aku.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-09-2019