Xyoo 1994, lub tebchaws United Kingdom pib siv cov ntshav rau iav melting test. Hauv xyoo 2003, Tebchaws Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm lub zog thiab cov iav kev lag luam tau ua ib qho kev ntsuas me me ntawm cov plasma melting E iav thiab iav fiber ntau, txuag ntau tshaj 40% lub zog. Nyiv lub zog tshiab kev lag luam thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thoob ntiaj teb kev tsim kho lub koom haum kuj tau teeb tsa Nyij Pooj xiangnituo thiab Tokyo University of thev naus laus zis los koom ua ke tsim 1t / D xeem. Cov iav batch tau yaj hauv davhlau los ntawm xov tooj cua induction plasma cua sov. Lub sij hawm melting tsuas yog 2 ~ 3H, thiab kev siv lub zog ntawm cov iav tiav yog 5.75mj / kg. Xyoo 2008, xiangnituo tau ua tiav 100t soda txiv qaub iav tiv thaiv kev ntsuas, thiab lub sijhawm melting tau luv luv rau 1 / 10 ntawm qhov qub, Kev siv hluav taws xob txo los ntawm 50%, Co, No. pollutant emissions txo los ntawm 50%. Nyiv lub zog tshiab kev lag luam (NEDO) thev naus laus zis kev tsim kho lub koom haum npaj yuav siv 1 t dej qab zib kua qaub iav tshuaj ntsuam rau batching, hauv-flight melting ua ke nrog decompression clarification txheej txheem, thiab npaj yuav txo cov melting zog noj rau 3767 kJ / kg iav hauv 2012. .
Hais txog iav raw cov ntaub ntawv, galena thiab cov hlau lead liab tau siv los yaj iav hauv keeb kwm. Cov iav txhuas ua los ntawm galena thiab cov hlau lead liab yog pob tshab thiab yooj yim rau kev tsim thiab carve, uas yog qhov zoo dua li dej qab zib txiv qaub iav. Nws yog ib zaug xav tias qhov no yog kev vam meej. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, tib neeg maj mam pom qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov iav ua kua ua kua. Tam sim no, ntxiv rau cov iav kho qhov muag thiab cov iav zoo txhuas, Tebchaws Europe tau ua ntau yam kev sim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav, iav iav Lead raug txwv los ntawm cov khoom ua si thiab qee cov khoom ntim. Mercury, cadmium thiab arsenic kuj raug txwv. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th mus rau lub xyoo pua 19th, iav iav tau coated nrog tin nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm iav rau kev xav, tab sis lawv yog cov tshuaj lom heev. Xyoo 1835, cov nyiaj siv tshuaj lom neeg tau siv los hloov. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, arsenic oxide tau siv los ua opacifier ua imitation jade khoom. Cov nyhuv yog qhov nyuaj rau lwm cov opacifiers kom ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws qhov toxicity, nws tau ntev tau txwv tsis pub siv los ua opacifier. Tsis tsuas yog lub khob ntim cov khoom noj thiab dej haus tau siv los ua kom pom tseeb es tsis txhob siv cov arsenic oxide, tab sis txawm tias cov iav kho qhov muag kuj tau siv los tshem tawm cov arsenic, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov iav tsis kho qhov muag tau txo qhov kev noj cov khoom siv tsis siv dua tshiab xws li cov khoom siv raw thiab lub zog, nrog rau kev siv carbon hauv kev thauj mus los. Ua piv txwv UK, txhua lub raj mis iav raug txo los ntawm 1 / 10, thiab noj 250000 tons ntawm iav thiab 180000 tons ntawm CO2 emission raug txo txhua xyoo. Cov kws tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws kuj tau taw qhia tias qhov zoo ntawm cov fwj cawv tau txo qis los ntawm 1g, thiab cov co tawm mus rau hauv cov huab cua kuj txo los ntawm 1g. Nyob rau hauv aerospace, aviation, tsheb thauj mus los, iav loj txo yog qhov tseem ceeb dua. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw kho qhov muag yuav tsum tau txo. Piv txwv li, TiO2 yog siv los hloov PbO, Bao, CDO los npaj cov iav kho qhov muag nrog tib qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas. Txhawm rau txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb cua, 2 hli ca iav substrate yog siv los npaj cov iav kev nyab xeeb. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov vaj huam sib luag tiaj tus, qhov twg cov iav tuab tau raug txo los ntawm 2 hli mus rau tsawg dua 1.5 hli; Lub thickness ntawm lub vijtsam kov yog txo los ntawm 0.5mm mus rau 0.1mm; Lub thickness ntawm portable electronic device zaub yog txo mus rau 0.3mm. Nyob rau hauv 2011, Asahi nitzsch tau tsim 0.1 hli alkali dawb substrate los ntawm ntab txoj kev rau kov npo, thib ob tiam zaub, teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev kho mob. Nyias iav thiab ultra-thin iav yog siv rau substrate thiab npog phaj ntawm lub hnub ci hlwb nyob rau hauv satellites, spacecrafts thiab spacecrafts kom txuag tau lub zog noj nyob rau hauv launching thiab ua hauj lwm. Lub thickness ntawm lub substrate thiab npog phaj yog maj txo los ntawm 0.1 hli mus rau 0.008 hli.
Kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev txawj ntse ua rau tib hom iav cov khoom muaj ntau lub zog thiab dhau los ua ib hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv nrog ob thiab ntau lub zog, uas ua rau tus thawj xav tau siv ntau lub khob iav thiab tig mus rau hauv hom iav ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, yav tom ntej ntse lub tsev iav muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm tsis siv neeg dimming, suab rwb thaiv tsev, tiv thaiv tshav kub, huab cua purification, antibacterial thiab sterilization, thiab tseem tuaj yeem muab kev koom ua ke photovoltaic (lub hnub ci hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob), hnub ci hluav taws xob sau, photocatalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrogen thiab iav. kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa los tsim ib lub tsev ntse nrog lub zog txuag, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev siv cov peev txheej.
Lub hybrid ntawm iav thiab organic teeb meem yog hais txog kev sib xyaw ntawm ob qho tib si hauv nano nplai, uas tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib tshuam, muab kev ua si tag nrho rau rigidity, dimension stability, siab softening kub thiab siab thermal zog ntawm iav, thiab kuj siv cov shear, soft processability thiab modifiability ntawm cov organic me me molecular polymer, thiaj li yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tshiab uas tuaj yeem tsim, sib dhos, sib xyaw thiab hloov kho. Kev ua haujlwm tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hybrid tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov organic, xws li ntxiv cov khoom siv polymers rau hauv kev hloov pauv hlau alkoxide. Cov khoom ntawm hybrid cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem tsim thiab hloov kho lub hom phiaj, xws li ntxiv cov organic dyes lossis p-conjugated polymers rau hauv iav network kom tau txais cov khoom siv kho qhov muag nrog cov kab mus rau cov khoom tsis zoo; Piv txwv li, lub iav hloov pauv kub ntawm phosphate tsawg melting iav npaj los ntawm hybridization yog tsawg li 29 ℃.
Cov iav tsoos yog qhov tsis yooj yim, uas cuam tshuam rau kev siv. Lub zog thiab ntxiv dag zog ntawm iav yog ib txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb sai. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, peb yuav tsum tau tshawb fawb tob txog cov txheej txheem ntawm microcracks, siv cov cuab yeej simulation nto, yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, yuav ua li cas kho cov kab nrib pleb, yuav ua li cas hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov iav, thiab yuav ua li cas ntxiv dag zog rau iav nrog nanostructures. .
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov iav tsoos yuav tsum tau txhim kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, txhim kho kev siv tus nqi ntawm cov peev txheej, thiab txav mus rau kev txhim kho ntsuab thiab ntau yam kev ua haujlwm, los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam qis mus rau kev txhim kho cov nqi ntxiv thiab siab zoo. Raws li cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, qee cov khoom zoo ntawm iav tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau. Lub xyoo pua 21st yog lub xyoo pua ntawm photonics, thiab photonics thev naus laus zis tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm photonics iav, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv, kev sib kis, kev cia khoom, tso saib, cia, cia, cia, cia thiab lwm yam hnub ci zog yog qhov tseem ceeb. lub zog tauj dua tshiab thiab lub zog huv si, thiab iav yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau lub hnub ci hluav taws xob, xws li ultra dawb iav substrate thiab npog phaj ntawm lub hnub ci hlwb, pob tshab conductive iav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev koom ua ke ntawm photovoltaic lub tsev. Nws muaj daim ntawv thov dav dav rau kev sib txuas hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob nrog iav kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-11-2021