Txoj Kev Loj Hlob Ntawm iav

Raws li keeb kwm kev loj hlob theem, iav tuaj yeem muab faib ua iav qub, iav tsoos, iav tshiab thiab iav yav tom ntej.

(1) Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov iav qub, lub sijhawm qub feem ntau hais txog lub sijhawm ua qhev. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Tuam Tshoj, ancient sij hawm kuj muaj xws li Shijian haiv neeg. Yog li ntawd, cov iav qub feem ntau yog hais txog iav ua nyob rau hauv Qing Dynasty. Txawm hais tias nws tseem raug coj los ua niaj hnub no, nws tsuas yog hu ua antique tawg iav, uas yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov iav qub.

2) Cov iav tsoos yog ib hom iav cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom lag luam, xws li iav tiaj tus, lub raj mis iav, thawv iav, iav kos duab thiab cov iav zoo nkauj, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem yaj supercooling nrog cov ntxhia hauv ntuj thiab pob zeb ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.

(3) Cov iav tshiab, tseem hu ua iav ua haujlwm tshiab thiab cov iav tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm, hais txog iav nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb xws li lub teeb, hluav taws xob, hlau nplaum, kub, chemistry thiab biochemistry, uas yog pom tseeb txawv ntawm cov iav tsoos hauv cov khoom siv raw. kev npaj, kev ua, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv. Nws yog cov khoom siv high-tech intensive nrog ntau ntau yam, me me thiab kev hloov kho sai, xws li kho qhov muag iav, peb-dimensional waveguide iav, spectral qhov kub kub iav thiab hais txog.

(4) Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau muab ib tug meej txhais rau yav tom ntej iav. Nws yuav tsum yog cov iav uas tej zaum yuav raug tsim nyob rau yav tom ntej raws li kev taw qhia ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb lossis kev kwv yees theoretical. Tsis hais iav qub, iav tsoos, iav tshiab lossis iav yav tom ntej, txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej thiab tus kheej. Lawv yog tag nrho cov amorphous solids nrog iav hloov kub yam ntxwv. Txawm li cas los xij, tus cwj pwm hloov nrog lub sijhawm, uas yog, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab hauv thiab sab nraud hauv lub sijhawm sib txawv: piv txwv li, iav tshiab hauv xyoo pua 20th yuav dhau los ua iav tsoos hauv xyoo pua 21st; Lwm qhov piv txwv yog tias cov iav micro yog ib hom iav tshiab hauv xyoo 1950 thiab 1960s, tab sis tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam loj thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev; Ib yam li ntawd, photonic iav yog cov khoom siv tshiab rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim ntau lawm. Hauv ob peb xyoos, nws yuav yog cov iav siv dav siv.

Los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm iav, nws yog ze ze rau kev nom kev tswv thiab nyiaj txiag teeb meem ntawm lub neej nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd. Tsuas yog nrog kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam tuaj yeem iav tsim. Tom qab tsim lub Tuam Tshoj tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li kev hloov kho thiab qhib, Tuam Tshoj cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm cov iav tiaj tus, iav niaj hnub, iav fiber ntau thiab cov iav kho qhov muag tau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 2008, tus xov tooj ntawm kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag cable kab mus txog 6.76 lab km, thiab lub optical ntau lawm muaj peev xwm thiab kev txawj yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm iav kuj zoo sib xws rau cov kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg, uas yuav txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm iav. Iav tau ib txwm siv los ua cov thawv ntim khoom, thiab cov thawv ntim iav suav nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv iav. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv Suav teb qub, kev tsim cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic tau tsim, qhov zoo dua, thiab kev siv tau yooj yim. Nws tsis tshua tsim nyog los tsim cov khob ntim tsis paub, yog li cov iav tseem nyob hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab kos duab, yog li cuam tshuam rau tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob ntawm iav; Nyob rau sab hnub poob, txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg tau mob siab rau cov iav pob tshab, cov thawv ntim cawv thiab lwm yam ntim, uas txhawb kev txhim kho cov ntim iav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau lub sijhawm siv iav los ua cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag thiab cov cuab yeej tshuaj nyob rau sab hnub poob los txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sim kev tshawb fawb, Tuam Tshoj cov iav tsim yog nyob rau theem ntawm "imitation jade", yog li nws nyuaj rau nkag mus rau hauv lub palace. ntawm science.

Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, qhov kev thov rau ntau thiab ntau yam iav txuas ntxiv, thiab qhov zoo, kev ntseeg siab thiab tus nqi ntawm iav kuj tau them nyiaj ntau thiab ntau dua. Qhov kev thov rau lub zog, lom thiab ib puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv rau iav yog ntau thiab ntau incisive. Cov iav yuav tsum muaj ntau yam haujlwm, tsis muaj peev txheej thiab lub zog, thiab kev ua qias tuaj tsawg thiab kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, Kev tsim ntsuab ntsuab thiab kev lag luam qis carbon yog ib txwm yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm iav kev lag luam. Txawm hais tias cov kev cai ntawm kev loj hlob ntsuab txawv nyob rau hauv cov keeb kwm sib txawv, cov kev taw qhia dav dav yog tib yam. Ua ntej kev lag luam kiv puag ncig, peb cov iav tsim tau siv ntoo ua roj, hav zoov raug txiav, thiab ib puag ncig raug puas tsuaj: nyob rau xyoo pua 17th, Tebchaws Askiv txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom siv no, yog li cov thee hluav taws kub hnyiab tau siv. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, regenerator pas dej ua ke tau qhia; nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, hluav taws xob melting tau tsim; Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, tsis yog ib txwm yaj tau siv, uas yog, es tsis txhob ntawm cov tsoos pas dej ua ke thiab crucible, module melting, immersion combustion melting, nqus ntub tu, high-zog plasma melting, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, modular melting, nqus kom meej thiab plasma beam melting tau raug sim hauv ntau lawm. Modular melting yog raws li cov txheej txheem preheating batch ua ntej xyoo pua 20th, uas tuaj yeem txuag tau 6.5% roj. Xyoo 2004, Owens Illinois lub tuam txhab ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau ua qhov kev sim ntau lawm, thiab kev siv lub zog ntawm cov txheej txheem melting yog 7-5 w / KS. A, thaum lub zog noj ntawm modular melting yog 5 mu / kgam, Lub zog noj tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm 333%. Raws li kev paub meej lub tshuab nqus tsev, nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 20td nruab nrab-qhov loj me tank nplua nuj, uas tuaj yeem txo cov kev siv hluav taws xob li ntawm 30%. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, lub tiam tom ntej melting system (NGMS) nrog high-speed melting, homogenization thiab tsis zoo siab tau raug tsim.