Cov khoom siv raw rau ua cov iav fwj.

Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov iav fwj
Cov khoom siv ntau yam siv los npaj cov iav batch yog sib sau ua ke hu ua iav raw khoom. Cov iav batch rau kev lag luam ntau lawm yog sib tov ntawm feem ntau 7 mus rau 12 tus neeg cov khoom. Nyob ntawm lawv cov nqi thiab kev siv, tuaj yeem muab faib ua iav cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab khoom siv.
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog hais txog cov khoom siv raw uas muaj ntau yam oxides tau nkag rau hauv iav, xws li quartz xuab zeb, sandstone, limestone, feldspar, soda tshauv, boric acid, lead compound, bismuth compound, thiab lwm yam. iav tom qab dissolution.
Cov khoom siv pabcuam yog cov khoom siv uas muab cov iav qee qhov tseem ceeb lossis ua kom nrawm nrawm. Lawv siv me me, tab sis lawv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov neeg ua kom pom tseeb thiab cov xim pleev xim nyob ntawm lub luag haujlwm lawv ua.
Decolorizer, opacifier, oxidant, flux.
Cov khoom siv iav yog qhov nyuaj dua, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv raw khoom raws li lawv txoj haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov iav thiab txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov iav. Cov ntaub ntawv pabcuam muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov iav thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom.

1, lub ntsiab raw khoom ntawm iav

(1) Silica xuab zeb los yog borax: Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm silica xuab zeb los yog borax nkag mus rau hauv iav yog silica los yog boron oxide, uas yuav tsum tau cais melted rau hauv lub khob lub cev thaum combustion, uas txiav txim lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm lub iav, sib xws hu ua silicate iav. los yog boron. Acid ntsev iav.

(2) Soda lossis Glauber's ntsev: Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej qab zib thiab tom qab ntawd nkag rau hauv iav yog sodium oxide. Nyob rau hauv calcination, lawv tsim ib tug fusible ob ntsev nrog ib tug acidic oxide xws li silica xuab zeb, uas ua raws li ib tug flux thiab ua rau lub khob yooj yim tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntau dhau, qhov thermal expansion ntawm iav yuav nce thiab lub zog tensile yuav txo.

(3) Limestone, dolomite, feldspar, thiab lwm yam.: Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm limestone nkag mus rau hauv iav yog calcium oxide, uas txhim kho cov tshuaj ruaj khov thiab lub zog ntawm lub khob, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntau dhau ua rau cov iav crystallized thiab txo cov cua sov.

Raws li cov khoom siv raw rau kev qhia txog magnesium oxide, dolomite tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov iav pob tshab, txo thermal expansion, thiab txhim kho dej tsis kam.

Feldspar yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev qhia txog alumina, uas tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias thiab tseem txhim kho cov kav ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, feldspar kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj poov tshuaj oxide los txhim kho cov thermal expansion ntawm lub khob.

(4) Cov iav tawg: Feem ntau hais lus, tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv tshiab yog siv los tsim cov iav, tab sis 15% -30% tawg iav yog sib xyaw.

2, iav auxiliary khoom

(1) Decolorizing tus neeg saib xyuas: impurities hauv cov khoom siv raw, xws li hlau oxide, yuav coj xim rau iav. Feem ntau siv dej qab zib, sodium carbonate, cobalt oxide, npib tsib xee oxide, thiab lwm yam yog siv los ua decolorizing tus neeg sawv cev, uas nthuav cov xim ntxiv rau cov xim qub hauv iav. Cov iav yuav tsis muaj xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov xim txo tus neeg sawv cev muaj peev xwm tsim lub teeb xim sib xyaw nrog cov xim tsis huv, xws li sodium carbonate uas tuaj yeem oxidized nrog hlau oxide los ua ferric oxide, kom cov iav hloov ntawm ntsuab mus rau daj.

(2) Colorants: Qee cov hlau oxides tuaj yeem yaj ncaj qha rau hauv cov iav tov kom xim lub iav. Yog hais tias cov hlau oxide ua rau lub iav daj lossis ntsuab, manganese oxide tuaj yeem tshwm xim liab, cobalt oxide tuaj yeem tshwm xiav, cov nickel oxide tuaj yeem tshwm xim av, thiab tooj liab oxide thiab chromium oxide tuaj yeem tshwm ntsuab.

(3) Clarifying agent: Tus neeg saib xyuas kom meej tuaj yeem txo qhov viscosity ntawm cov iav yaj, kom cov npuas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem yooj yim khiav thiab qhia meej. Feem ntau siv clarifying agents yog chalk, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, ammonium ntsev, manganese dioxide thiab lwm yam.

(4) Opacifier: Lub opacifier tuaj yeem tig lub khob mus rau hauv lub cev dawb lub cev. Feem ntau siv opacifiers yog cryolite, sodium fluorosilicate, tin phosphide, thiab lwm yam. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom ntawm 0.1 - 1.0 μm tshem tawm hauv iav kom cov iav opacified.