Na 1994, United Kingdom malitere iji plasma maka ule agbaze iko. Na 2003, United States Department of Energy and Glass Industry Association rụrụ a obere-ọnụ ọgụgụ ọdọ mmiri njupụta ule nke elu-ike plasma agbaze E iko na iko eriri, na-azọpụta ihe karịrị 40% ume. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepe teknụzụ ọhụrụ nke Japan hazikwara Xiangnituo Japan na Mahadum teknụzụ Tokyo ijikọ aka guzobe ule 1t / D. A gbazere ogbe iko ahụ n'ụgbọ elu site na kpo oku plasma induction redio. Oge agbaze bụ naanị 2 ~ 3H, yana ike oriri zuru oke nke iko emechara bụ 5.75mj / kg. Na 2008, xiangnituo rụrụ a 100t soda wayo iko nchebe ule, na agbaze oge e shortened ka 1/10 nke mbụ, Energy oriri belatara 50%, Co, No. mmetọ umu anwuru belata 50%. Ụlọ ọrụ ike ọhụrụ nke Japan (NEDO) teknụzụ zuru oke mmepe ụlọ ọrụ na-ezube iji 1 t soda lime glass test solution for batching, in-flight agbaze jikọtara na decompression nkọwa usoro, na-ezube ibelata agbaze ike oriri na 3767 kJ / kg iko na 2012. .
N'ihe gbasara akụrụngwa enyo, a na-eji galena na lead uhie agbaze iko n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Iko ndu nke galena na ndu uhie na-apụta ìhè ma dị mfe ịmepụta na ịkpụ, nke dị mma karịa iko soda lime. E chere otu oge na nke a bụ ọganihu. Ma ka e mesịrị, ndị mmadụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ chọpụta ihe ọjọọ nke mmetọ iko lead. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na mgbakwunye na enyo anya na iko iko, Europe emeela usoro nyocha na ihe elektrọn, iko, iko, iko, iko, iko, iko, iko, iko, iko iko, iko, iko, iko, iko, iko, enyole A machibidoro ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka na ụfọdụ ihe nkwakọba ihe. A machibidoro Mercury, cadmium na arsenic iwu. Site na narị afọ nke 18 ruo na narị afọ nke 19, a na-ekpuchi enyo enyo na tin n'azụ iko maka ntụgharị uche, mana ha na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. N'afọ 1835, e ji ọlaọcha kemịkal mee ihe. N'oge ochie, a na-eji arsenic oxide mee ihe dị ka opacifier iji mepụta ngwaahịa jed eṅomi. Mmetụta ahụ siri ike maka ndị ọzọ opacifiers imezu. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi nsi ya, ogologo oge ka amachibidoro ya ka ọ bụrụ opacifier. Ọbụghị naanị iko iko na-akpọtụrụ nri na ihe ọ drinkụ drinkụ ka a na-eji dị ka nkọwa kama arsenic oxide, mana a na-ejikwa enyo enyo wepụ arsenic, Mmepe nke iko na-adịghị ahụ anya belatara oriri nke akụrụngwa na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe dị ka akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa. ike, yana oriri carbon na njem. N'iji UK dị ka ihe atụ, a na-ebelata karama iko ọ bụla site na 1/10, na oriri nke 250000 tọn iko na 180000 tọn CO2 emission na-ebelata kwa afọ. Ndị ọkà mmụta si mba ọzọ rụtụrụ aka na ịdị mma karama mmanya ji 1g belata, na co na-ebupụta n'ikuku jikwa 1g belata. Na mbara igwe, ụgbọ elu, ụgbọ njem, mbelata iko iko dị oke mkpa. Na mgbakwunye na nguzogide radieshon, ọ dị mkpa ibelata oke sistemụ anya oghere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji TiO2 dochie PbO, Bao, CDO iji kwadebe enyo anya na otu ihe ntinye aka. Iji belata ịdị arọ nke ikuku ikuku ụgbọ ala, a na-eji mkpụrụ enyo dị larịị 2mm dozie iko nchekwa. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa maka ngosipụta panel dị larịị, ebe a na-ebelata iko iko site na 2mm ruo ihe na-erughị 1.5mm; A na-ebelata ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihuenyo mmetụ ahụ site na 0.5mm ruo 0.1mm; A na-ebelata ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe ngosi ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị enwere ike ka ọ bụrụ 0.3mm. Na 2011, Asahi nitzsch mepụtara mkpụrụ 0.1 mm alkali n'efu site na usoro ise n'elu maka ihuenyo mmetụ, ngosi ọgbọ nke abụọ, ọkụ na ọgwụgwọ ahụike. A na-eji iko dị gịrịgịrị na iko dị nro mee ihe maka mkpụrụ na mkpuchi mkpuchi nke mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ na satịlaịtị, ụgbọ elu na ụgbọ elu iji chekwaa ike oriri na mbido na ịrụ ọrụ. A na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ belata ọkpụrụkpụ nke mkpụrụ na mkpuchi mkpuchi site na 0,1 mm ruo 0.008 mm.
Ngwakọta na ọgụgụ isi na-eme ka otu ụdị iko iko nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ ma ghọọ ụdị ọhụrụ nke ihe zuru ezu nke nwere ọrụ abụọ na ọtụtụ ọrụ, nke na-eme ka ọ dị mkpa ka ọ bụrụ ihe mbụ iji jiri iko na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na-eme ka ọ ghọọ ụdị iko na-arụ ọrụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọdịnihu nwere ọgụgụ isi ụlọ iko nwere ọrụ nke akpaka dimming, ụda mkpuchi, okpomọkụ nchebe, ikuku ọcha, antibacterial na sterilization, na nwekwara ike ikpokọta photovoltaic mwekota ( anyanwụ cell ike ọgbọ), anyanwụ okpomọkụ collection, photocatalytic mmeghachi omume hydrogen na iko. Mgbidi ákwà mgbochi iji mepụta ụlọ nwere ọgụgụ isi nke nwere ike ịzọpụta ike, nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na iji akụrụngwa eme ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu.
Ngwakọ nke iko na organic okwu na-ezo aka na Nchikota nke abụọ na nano ọnụ ọgụgụ, nke nwere ike iwusi mmekọrịta nke interface, nye zuru play na rigidity, akụkụ kwụsie ike, elu softening okpomọkụ na elu thermal Njirimara nke iko, na kwa. eme ka ojiji nke shiee, soft processability na modifiability nke organic obere molekul polymer, nke mere na-enweta ọhụrụ ihe nwere ike e mere, gbakọta, agwakọta na gbanwetụrụ. Enwere ike nweta ọrụ ọhụrụ nke ngwakọ ngwakọ site na ịhọrọ akụkụ dị iche iche nke organic, dị ka ịgbakwunye polymer na-eduzi n'ime usoro ígwè alkoxide mgbanwe. Enwere ike ịhazi ma gbanwee ihe onwunwe nke ngwakọ ngwakọ na ebumnuche, dị ka ịgbakwunye akwa organic ma ọ bụ p-conjugated polymers n'ime netwọk iko iji nweta ngwa anya na linear na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla; Ọmụmaatụ, iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ nke phosphate obere agbaze iko kwadebere site hybridization dị ala dị ka 29 ℃.
Iko ọdịnala na-emebi emebi, nke na-emetụta ojiji ya. Ike na ike nke iko bụ ọrụ nyocha ngwa ngwa. N'ọdịnihu, anyị kwesịrị inyocha miri emi structural akpata microcracks, na-eji elu ịme anwansị technology, otú egbochi propagation nke cracks, otú agwọ cracks, otú ịgbanwe elu àgwà nke iko, na otú ike iko na nanostructures. .
N'ọdịnihu, omenala iko kwesịrị melite ọdịnaya nke sayensị na nkà na ụzụ, melite itinye n'ọrụ ọnụego nke ihe onwunwe, na-akpali kwupụta green na multi-arụ ọrụ mmepe, si ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasawanye nke ala-ọgwụgwụ ụlọ ọrụ na mmepe nke elu kwukwara uru na. ịdị mma Dị elu. Maka ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ, a pụghị iji dochie ụfọdụ ihe ndị magburu onwe ya nke iko. Narị afọ nke 21 bụ narị afọ nke photonics, na nkà na ụzụ photonics enweghị ike ikewapụ na photonics iko, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọgbọ ọmụma, nnyefe, nchekwa, ngosi, nchekwa, nchekwa, nchekwa, nchekwa na ihe ndị ọzọ ike anyanwụ bụ ihe dị mkpa. ume ọhụrụ na ume dị ọcha, na iko bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ọgbọ ike anyanwụ, dị ka mkpụrụ osisi ultra-acha ọcha na mkpuchi mkpuchi nke mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ, iko na-eduzi transperent, karịsịa njikọ nke ụlọ fotovoltaic. Ọ nwere atụmanya dị ukwuu iji jikọta ike anyanwụ na mgbidi ákwà mgbochi iko.
Oge nzipu: Jun-11-2021