Lypes nke mmanya ọṅụṅụ

Ọ gụnyere Liqueur, biya, mmanya, Liqueur na mmanya ndị ọzọ nwere mmanya dị iche iche. A na-eme mmanya na-aba n'anya site na gbaa ụka, bụ usoro nke yist na-agbaji sugar ka ọ bụrụ mmiri a na-aṅụ mmanya a na-akpọ ethanol.

Ọdịnaya ethanol dị n'etiti 0.5% na 75.5%, ma nwee ụfọdụ nri na ihe ekpomeekpo. E nwere ọtụtụ iri puku ụdị mmanya dị iche iche n’ụwa, ihe ndị e ji emepụta mmanya na mmanya na-aba n’anya na-adịkwa nnọọ iche. Iji mee ka nghọta na ebe nchekwa dị mfe, ndị mmadụ na-ekewa ha n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ekewa mmanya ahụ dịka ihe mmepụta ihe si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya ụzọ asaa: mmanya ọka, ose na mmanya herbal, mmanya mkpụrụ osisi, mmiri ara ehi na mmanya akwa, mmanya serous osisi, ahịhịa na mmanya agwakọta.

Dị ka akụrụngwa si dị, mmanya si mba ọzọ distilled nwere ike kewaa brandi, whiskey, chivas na rọm.

1. Brandy: brandi bụ mmanya na-eko achịcha, nke a na-esi na mkpụrụ osisi mee. Brandy, dị ka a na-akpọkarị ya, bụ mmanya e ji mkpụrụ vaịn mee site na ịgbara mmiri na redistillation. Na mkpụrụ osisi ndị ọzọ dị ka akụrụngwa, site n'otu ụzọ ahụ nke na-eme mmanya, mgbe mgbe n'ihu brandi na aha mkpụrụ osisi raw ihe ịmata ọdịiche dị n'ụdị ya. A na-akpọkarị Brandy dị ka "mkpụrụ obi mmanya". Enwere ọtụtụ mba na-emepụta brandi n'ụwa, mana brandi a na-emepụta na France bụ nke a kacha mara amara.

Ụdị cognac a ma ama gụnyere remy Martin, hennessy, camus na royal deer hine.

Brandy, sitere na okwu Dutch Brandewijn, pụtara "mmanya gbara ọkụ". Na warara uche, na-ezo aka greepu gbaa ụka mgbe distillation ma na-a elu ogo mmanya, na mgbe ahụ akpu gbọmgbọm nchekwa na mmanya. Brandy bụ mmanya na-egbu egbu, nke nwere mkpụrụ osisi dị ka ihe eji eme ihe, mgbe ịgba ụka, distillation, ebe nchekwa. A na-akpọ mmanya a kpụrụ akpụ nke nwere mkpụrụ vaịn dị ka akụrụngwa mkpụrụ vaịn, nke a na-ekwukarị na brandi, na-ezo aka na brandi grape. Ndị ọzọ mkpụrụ akụrụngwa n'ime brandi, kwesịrị ịgbakwunye aha mkpụrụ osisi, apple brandi, cherry brandi, ma ha ewu ewu bụ nnọọ obere karịa mbụ nnukwu.

A na-akpọkarị Brandy dị ka "mkpụrụ obi mmanya". Enwere ọtụtụ mba na-emepụta brandi n'ụwa, mana brandi a na-emepụta na France bụ nke a kacha mara amara. Na brandi nke French homebred, na-emepụta na cognac ebe karịsịa ndị kasị mma, na-emepụta maka arwen yi ọzọ (yamanek) ebe ebe. Na mgbakwunye na brandi French, mba ndị ọzọ na-emepụta mmanya, dị ka Spain, Italy, Portugal, United States, Peru, Germany, South Africa, Gris na mba ndị ọzọ, na-emepụtakwa ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche nke brandi. Mba Cis na-emepụta brandi, àgwà dịkwa mma nke ukwuu.

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Brandy bụ otu n'ime mmanya ndị mba ọzọ. Ihe a na-akpọ mmanya si mba ọzọ pụtara mmanya ọdịda anyanwụ. Brandy bụ okwu Dutch maka mmanya gbara ọkụ. Ụgbọ mmiri Dutch na-ebu nnu na-aga n'ụsọ oké osimiri France na narị afọ nke 13 wetara mmanya sitere na mpaghara cognac nke France na mba ndị dị n'akụkụ oke osimiri nke ugwu, bụ ebe ha na-ewu ewu. Ka ọ na-erule na narị afọ nke 16, mmụba nke mmepụta mmanya na njem dị ogologo n'oké osimiri emewo ka mmanya France gharazie ịbụ nke a na-apụghị ịzụ ahịa. N'oge a, ndị ahịa Dutch nwere ọgụgụ isi na-eji mmanya ndị a dị ka ihe eji eme ihe, ndị a na-edozi n'ime mkpụrụ vaịn mmanya, mmụọ ndị dị otú ahụ a na-emegharị anya agaghị emebi site na njem njem dị anya ọ bụghị naanị, na n'ihi nnukwu itinye uche na-eme ka ibu slash, mkpụrụ vaịn distillation mmanya na-abawanye nwayọọ nwayọọ. , A ga-edozi Dutch na sharan site na mpaghara nke ngwá ọrụ distillation ejiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emewanyewanye, ndị French na-amalite ịghọta nkà na ụzụ distillation, na mmepe ya dị ka distillation nke abụọ, ma n'oge a nke mkpụrụ vaịn na-enweghị agba, ihe a na-akpọ ugbu a. mbụ brandi distilled mmụọ.

Na 1701, France tinyere aka n'agha na Spen. N'ime oge a, ire mkpụrụ osisi grapevin daa, a ga-echekwa nnukwu ebuka n'ime barel osisi oak. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị mmadụ chọpụtara na brandi echekwara na orù osisi oak bụ ihe magburu onwe ya, na-atọ ụtọ, na-esi ísì ụtọ, agba bụ kristal doro anya, ọla edo amber, dị mma na mara mma. N'ebe a, na-emepụta prototype nke brandi mmepụta technology - gbaa ụka, distillation, nchekwa, nakwa tọrọ ntọala maka mmepe nke brandi.

Brandy sitere na France, na narị afọ nke 12 AD, a na-eresị mmanya mmanya cognac na mba Europe, ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahịa si mba ọzọ na-abịakarị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Charende iji zụta mmanya ya. N'ihe dị ka n'etiti narị afọ nke 16, iji mee ka mbupụ mmanya dị mfe, belata ụlọ nrịbama nke mbupu na mkpa site na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mbupụ ụtụ isi, kamakwa iji zere n'ihi njem dị anya nke mmanya na-emebi emebi, cognac. mmanya na-ere ahịa n'obodo nke mmanya na-ebupụ mgbe distillation ịta, na mgbe ahụ na-enweta factory mmiri diluted na nha maka ire ere. A maara mmanya a na-esi ísì ụtọ dị ka brandi French mbụ. N'oge ahụ, ndị Dutch na-akpọ ya "Brandewijn," nke pụtara "mmanya na-ere ọkụ."

Na mmalite narị afọ nke 17, mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke France malitere ịgbaso usoro cognac nke ịsa mmanya, na France ji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbasaa na mba Europe niile na-emepụta mmanya na gburugburu ụwa.

N'afọ 1701, France tinyere aka na "agha nke ndị nnọchiteanya Spanish" na French brandi machibidokwara. Ndị ahịa ahụ kwesịrị ịchekwa brandi ahụ nke ọma maka ememe ahụ. Ha na-eji obodo cognac bara ọgaranya na-emepụta barel osisi oak, nke a na-echekwa brandi n'ime barel osisi. Ná ngwụsị nke agha ahụ na 1704, o juru ndị na-aṅụ mmanya anya ịhụ na brandi na-enweghị ụcha aghọọla agba amber mara mma. Site na mgbe ahụ, usoro ịka nká nke oak barrel, cognac aghọwo usoro mmepụta ihe dị mkpa. Ụdị usoro mmepụta ihe a, gbasaakwa ụwa ngwa ngwa.

Mgbe 1887 gachara, France gbanwere nkwakọ ngwaahịa brandi a na-ebupụ site na igbe osisi gaa na igbe osisi na karama. Site na nkwalite nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa ngwaahịa, ọnụ ahịa cognac abawanyela, mmụba na-aga n'ihu na-ere ahịa. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, mbupụ ahịa cognac kwa afọ eruola nde franc 300.

2. Whiskey: whiskey bụ mmanya na-egbu egbu nke sitere na naanị ọka. Ọ bụ mmanya na-egbu egbu. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya maka ịgwakọta, n'ime nke whiskey ndị a ma ama na ndị nnọchiteanya bụ scotch whiskey, whiskey Irish, whiskey America na whiskey Canada.

Ụdị whiskey ndị a ma ama gụnyere Jim beam, rose anọ, ịnyịnya ọcha, Turkey ọhịa, cutty sark, makers mar na johnnie Walker.

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N'ihe dị ka afọ 2014, a maghị ebe whiskey si malite, mana o doro anya na e mepụtala whiskey na Scotland ihe karịrị afọ 500 na a na-ewerekarị ya dị ka ebe a mụrụ whiskey niile.

Dị ka Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Whiskey Scotch si kwuo, Scotch Whiskey sitere na mmanya a na-akpọ Uisge Beatha, nke pụtara "mmiri maka ndụ."

whiskey Scotch na narị afọ nke 15, karịa ka ọgwụ oyi.

Na narị afọ nke 11, ndị mọnk Irish bịarutere Scotland ịgbasa Oziọma ahụ, na-ebuga ha whiskey scotch.

N'afọ 1780, e nwere naanị ụlọ ọrụ iwu asatọ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe karịrị 400 ọgbaghara iwu na-akwadoghị nke nha niile. Ha ga-egbutu akụkụ iji mee ya, aha scotch whiskey na-akawanye njọ.

N'afọ 1823, ndị omeiwu Britain webatara iwu Excise Act iji mepụta mpaghara ụtụ isi dị mfe maka ndị na-emebi iwu ziri ezi ka ha na-agbasi mbọ ike "na-egbochi" ndị na-ere ahịa iwu na-akwadoghị, bụ nke kwalitere nnukwu mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ whiskey scotch.

N'afọ 1831, a ka webatara kọlụm na Scotland, bụ́ nke a pụrụ ịgbasa n'ihu n'ihu, na-amụba ịdị irè nke distillation nke ukwuu, si otú a na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa whiskey ma mee ka ọ na-ewu ewu karị.

3. Chivas: chivas a ma ama n'ụwa bụ whiskey scotch kachasị ama ama. Ọ bụ ngwakọta nke whiskey, bụ ihe kachasị mma nke whiskey kachasị mma - nke dị nro na nke siri ike, ụdị pụrụ iche, pụtara ìhè. N'iji ọgaranya ya, ụdị pụrụ iche yana ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe karịrị afọ 200, chivas abụrụla whiskey scotch kacha ewu ewu n'ụwa.

Ụdị chivas ndị a ma ama gụnyere vodka vodka, Soviet red brand stolichnaya, Finland, zuru oke na Sweden, ọgazị isi awọ na France, osisi snow beveldere, Dutch van gogh na New Zealand n'okpuru 42 degrees 42 n'okpuru.

Chivas chivas, tọrọ ntọala na 1801 na Aberdeen, Scotland, bụ onye mbụ na-emepụta whiskey agwakọtara ọnụ na onye mepụtara ngwakọta nke whiskey atọ. Ndị malitere ya bụ James na John chivas.

Amara dị ka onye malitere “ọmụmụ nke mmụọ ozi”, ụmụnne James chivas na John chivas chivas bụ ndị mbụ mepụtara chivas chivas, akara na-anọchi anya whiskey dị nro, pụrụ iche na pụtara ìhè. Chivas chivas 18 - wiski afọ dabere na omenala chivas chivas. Iji gosipụta àgwà ya dị ịrịba ama, karama chivas chivas afọ 18 scotch whiskey nwere mbinye aka nke Colin Scott na ọla edo, nke bụ ihe akaebe nye ndị ọgaranya, ndị mara mma na ndị mara mma scotch whiskey.

Chivas regal bụ scotch premium whiskey kachasị ama n'ụwa. Ụlọ ọrụ chivas regal tọrọ ntọala na Aberdeen, Scotland na 1801 site na ụmụnne James na John chivas regal.

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Chivas regal, onye nnọchiteanya nke blended whiskey, nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya na ezinụlọ ndị eze Britain. Ọ malitere na mmalite narị afọ nke 19, mgbe ụmụnne abụọ, James "chivas" na "John" chivas, jere ụlọ ahịa nri n'obodo Aberdeen na-eme mkpọtụ nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri North-East Scotland. Ha chọpụtara nkà nke ịgwakọta ọtụtụ ụtọ mmanya na ihe nzuzo nke ịchekwa mmanya n'ime gbọmgbọm osisi oak. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1842, eze nwanyị Victoria mere nleta mbụ ya na Scotland wee hụ ọmarịcha ebe mara mma na whiskey ya n'anya.

Nke kachasị na usoro chivas, "Royal salute 21 whiskey", bụ nke emere nke ọma na 1953 iji mee emume ncheta eze nwanyị Elizabeth II. Aha a sitere na ọdịnala oge ochie nke ndị agha mmiri eze na-agbapụ ekele egbe 21 na nkwanye ùgwù kachasị elu. Ogo ekele nke eze na-apụta ìhè na nhọrọ siri ike nke barel osisi oak maka mmanya ahụ. Nke mbụ, ọ ga-abụrịrị ike nke ọma ka ọ dịrị ogologo oge. Nke abụọ, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ nwere sherry Spanish ma ọ bụ bourbon America. Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ na mmanya na-eme agadi ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 21, na ikuku ọhụrụ na-ebupụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na mmanya site na iku ume osisi oak, ebe whiskey na-enwetakwa ísì ụtọ nke osisi oak.

Mgbe afọ 21 gachara, a na-ebelata mmanya ahụ ka ọ bụrụ naanị pasent 60 nke ọdịnaya mbụ ya, a na-achọkwa ngwakọta pụrụ iche nke ihe oriri iji mepụta ekele eze bara ụba ma dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-amalite na whiskey ma na-achọ ihe dị mfe iji mara gị, CHIVAS REGEL nọ na ndepụta ahụ. Nke a 12 - afọ - whiskey agwakọtara agwakọta nwere àgwà dị nro na ọdịdị dị nro. Whiskey na-amaghị maka CHIVAS REGEL na onye mere ya CHIVAS BROTHERS LTD dị ka ịṅụ mmanya mba na-amaghị maka moutai. Onye nchoputa CHIVAS James CHIVAS malitere ime whiskey agwakọtara nke mbụ, ROYAL GLEN DEE, na 1841, nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Na 1843, Queen Victoria nyere ya aha "Purveyor of Grocery to Her Majesty." N'ịbụ nke pụtara "onye na-ebubata eze," ụmụnne James na John Chivas hibere Chivas BROTHER na 1857. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị ndị a ma ama, dị ka RoyalStrathythan na Loch Nevis, malitere mmepụta n'oge a. Ọ bụ n'ihe dị ka afọ iri ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 19 ka CHIVASBROTHER malitere imepụta ngwaahịa ha kacha ewu ewu: CHIVAS REGAL.

4. Rum: mmụọ a na-egbu egbu nke e ji okpete mee, nke a makwaara dị ka rum, rum, ma ọ bụ rọm. Malite na Cuba, ọ na-atọ ụtọ ma na-esi ísì ụtọ na palate

Rum, bụ molasses okpete shuga dị ka akụrụngwa iji mepụta mmanya na-egbu egbu, nke a makwaara dị ka shuga, rọm, rọm. Malite na Cuba, ọ na-atọ ụtọ ma na-esi ísì ụtọ na palate. Rum bụ ihe ọṅụṅụ fermented, ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n'ọbara nke e si na okpete shuga mee. Dị ka ihe dị iche iche akụrụngwa na ụzọ ime ime, rum nwere ike kewaa n'ime: rum ọcha wine, rum ochie wine, ìhè rum, rum mgbe, ike rum na na, nwere mmanya 38% ka 50% mmanya, mmanya amber, aja aja, kamakwa. enweghị agba.

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Mmalite nke rum dị na Republic of Cuba. Rum bụ mmanya Cuban ọdịnala, mba Cuba rọm bụ onye nna ukwu na-eme ya dị ka akụrụngwa nke sugar sugar sugar nke a na-eme n'ime ogbe oak na-acha ọcha, mgbe ọtụtụ afọ ejiri nlezianya mee ihe, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe pụrụ iche, ụtọ na-enweghị atụ. , ma si otú a bụrụ ihe ọṅụṅụ na-amasị ndị Cuba. Rum bụ ngwaahịa ebumpụta ụwa nke sitere na okpete shuga. Usoro mmepụta dum site na nlezianya nhọrọ nke akụrụngwa, mmepụta nke mmanya na-egbu mmanya na-esote, ịka nká nke shuga, na-achịkwa nke ukwuu. Ogo nke rum na-adabere na afọ nke mmanya, site na otu afọ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. Ụdị atọ - na afọ asaa, nke a na-erekarị n'ahịa, nwere ihe ọṅụṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya nke 38 ° na 40 Celsius, ma na-emepụta na-enweghị mmanya na-egbu egbu iji chekwaa ísì ụtọ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Cuban rum bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba Cuba.

Columbus bịara Cuba na njem nke abụọ ya na America. O wetara mgbọrọgwụ okpete si n'agwaetiti Canary. Ihe a na-atụghị anya ya bụ na mgbọrọgwụ ahụ nọchiri ọlaedo ndị bịarutere n'àgwàetiti ahụ, nke ndị obodo ahụ na-akpọ Cipango.

N’edemede e ji echeta Popu Ferdinand na Pope Isabella, otu onye dere, sị: “A na-akụ okpete ahụ e gbuturu n’ala n’otu n’otu ma ghọọ nnukwu iberibe.” Ọnọdụ ihu igwe Cuba: ala bara ụba, mmiri, na ìhè anyanwụ kwere ka ihe ọkụkụ a kụrụ ọhụrụ too gburugburu ndị isi India, na okpete na-eto n'agwaetiti ahụ.

Ngwá ọrụ mbụ ndị India na-eji eme ihe ọṅụṅụ okpete bụ La Cunyaya. E mesịa, e nwere ụlọ ọrụ igwe shuga nke anụmanụ (ịnyịnya na ehi) na-arụ ọrụ, e mesịa, ụlọ ọrụ igwe shuga na-eji ngwá ọrụ hydraulic dị elu eme ihe, na n'ikpeazụ, igwe nri shuga ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ndị ọrụ ojii nọchiri anya ndị ọrụ mbụ sitere na Africa wee bụrụ ihe dị mkpa na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ shuga na mba Cuba. Na 1539, n'iwu nke King Carlos v, e nwere ụfọdụ ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ shuga, dị ka shuga ọcha, sugar crude, shuga dị ọcha, shuga a nụchara anụcha, scum, scum a nụchara anụcha, paddle sucrose, sucrose mmanụ aṅụ, wdg.

Onye ozi ala ọzọ bụ́ onye France bụ́ Jean Baptiste Labat 1663-1738 hụrụ “ndị bi na ya, ndị negroes na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị bi n’àgwàetiti ahụ n’ọnọdụ ndụ mbụ ha, na-eji mmiri okpete eme ihe ọṅụṅụ na-esi ísì ụtọ. Mgbe ịṅụchara mmanya nwere ike ime ka ndị mmadụ nwee obi ụtọ ma nwee ike iwepụ ike ọgwụgwụ. A na-eme ihe ọṅụṅụ a site na gbaa ụka. Ndị Europe maara usoro a kemgbe narị afọ nke 18. Mgbe ndị ohi, ndị ahịa bịara Cuba. Otu n'ime ha bụ Francis. A maara Drake nke ọma maka ịkpọ ihe ọṅụṅụ na-ewu ewu nke dabeere na okpete sugar shaoxing Draque.

Cubans kwuru sugar okpete mmanya, na-mere si sugar okpete ihe ọṅụṅụ fermented mmanya, na Antilles, Colombia, Honduras na Mexico na-eme ka shochu, na-mere si sugar okpete molasses site gbaa ụka, ihe dị iche bụ na Republic of Cuba rọm doro anya transperent, na a. na-esi ísì ụtọ, Cuban rum bụ akụkụ nke usoro mmepụta.

N'afọ 1791, Cuba na-ebupụ sugar na Europe mgbe ọgba aghara nke ndị ohu Haiti bibiri ụlọ ọrụ shuga.

N'etiti narị afọ nke 19, na iwebata nke uzuoku engine, okpete n'ugbo na rum factory mụbara na Republic of Cuba, Cuba na 1837 tọgbọrọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, iwebata usoro nke nkà na ụzụ dị elu, e nwere ndị metụtara ya. Nkà na ụzụ ime biya, ndị ọchịchị Spanish kpebiri ịmalite usoro iji wuo ụlọ ọrụ shuga nke mba Cuba kwere ka mbupụ nke mba shuga.

Iwebata teknụzụ ọhụrụ gbanwere usoro mmepụta. Cuba na-emepụta rum na-aṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya - nke dị mma, rọm na-atọ ụtọ nke nwere uto dị ogologo. Ịṅụ mmanya rọm aghọwo akụkụ nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị na Cuba. Ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ Havana, cardenas, cienfuegos na Santiago DE Cuba. Mulata, San Carlos, Bocoy, Matusalen, Havana club, Arechavala na Bacardi mụbara mmepụta nke ukwuu mgbe ndị ọchụnta ego Cuban jiri mmepụta ogbe dochie mmanya ejiri aka mee.

Site na 1966 ruo 1967, rum na mbupụ na Cuba kemgbe ahụ ka ejirila akara mmesi obi ike nke gosipụtara ịdị elu na ịdị adị nke rum. Enwere ụdị itoolu nke rọm a, dị ka nwa agbọghọ agwakọtara, Santero… na ndị ọzọ.