Ihe akụrụngwa maka ịme karama iko.

Isi akụrụngwa maka ịme karama iko
A na-akpọkwa ihe dị iche iche a na-eji akwadebe iko iko. Igwe iko maka mmepụta mmepụta ihe bụ ngwakọta nke ihe mejupụtara 7 ruo 12 n'ozuzu ya. Dabere na ego ha na ojiji ha, enwere ike kewaa n'ime isi ihe na ngwa iko.
Isi akụrụngwa na-ezo aka na akụrụngwa nke a na-ewebata oxides dị iche iche n'ime iko, dị ka ájá quartz, sandstone, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, lead compound, bismuth compound, wdg. iko mgbe mgbasa.
Ihe inyeaka bụ ihe na-enye iko ahụ ụfọdụ usoro mgbaze dị mkpa ma ọ bụ mee ngwa ngwa. A na-eji ha na obere ego, ma ha na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa. Enwere ike kewaa ha ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-akọwapụta ihe na ndị na-agba agba dabere na ọrụ ha na-arụ.
Decolorizer, opacifier, oxidant, flux.
Akụrụngwa iko na-agbagwoju anya karịa, mana enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime akụrụngwa bụ isi na ngwa enyemaka dịka ọrụ ha si dị. Ihe ndị bụ isi bụ isi nke iko ma chọpụta isi ihe anụ ahụ na kemịkal nke iko ahụ. Ihe inyeaka na-enye ihe pụrụ iche na iko ahụ ma mee ka ọ dị mma na usoro mmepụta ihe.

1, isi akụrụngwa nke iko

(1) ájá silica ma ọ bụ borax: Isi ihe na-emepụta silica ájá ma ọ bụ borax nke ewebatara n'ime iko bụ silica ma ọ bụ boron oxide, nke nwere ike ịgbaze iche n'ime ahụ iko n'oge combustion, nke na-ekpebi isi ihe nke iko ahụ, nke a na-akpọ silicate glass. ma ọ bụ boron. Iko nnu acid.

(2) Soda ma ọ bụ nnu Glauber: Isi ihe na-emepụta soda na thenardite n'ime iko bụ sodium oxide. Na calcination, ha na-etolite nnu okpukpu abụọ na-enweghị isi nke nwere acidic oxide dị ka ájá silica, nke na-eme dị ka mgbanwe na-eme ka iko ahụ dị mfe ịmepụta. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ọdịnaya ahụ dị ukwuu, mmụba okpomọkụ nke iko ahụ ga-abawanye ma ike nkwụsị ahụ ga-ebelata.

(3) Nkume limestone, dolomite, feldspar, wdg: Akụkụ bụ isi nke nkume limestone ewebata n'ime iko bụ calcium oxide, nke na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke kemịkal na ike ọrụ nke iko ahụ dịkwuo elu, mana ọdịnaya dị ukwuu na-eme ka iko ahụ kristal na-ebelata okpomọkụ.

Dị ka ihe eji eme ihe maka iwebata magnesium oxide, dolomite nwere ike ime ka nghọta nke iko dịkwuo elu, belata mgbasawanye ọkụ, ma melite nkwụsị mmiri.

A na-eji Feldspar mee ihe dị ka ihe eji eme ihe maka iwebata alumina, nke na-achịkwa okpomọkụ na-agbaze ma na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ogologo oge. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, feldspar nwekwara ike inye potassium oxide components iji melite njirimara mgbasawanye ọkụ nke iko.

(4) Glass gbajiri agbaji: N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ niile ka a na-eji na-emepụta iko, ma 15% -30% gbajiri iko na-agwakọta.

2, ihe inyeaka iko

(1) Decolorizing agent: adịghị ọcha na akụrụngwa, dị ka ígwè oxide, ga-eweta agba na iko. A na-eji soda, sodium carbonate, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, wdg eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka agba agba agba, nke na-enye agba ndị na-agbakwunye na agba mbụ na iko. Iko na-aghọ enweghị agba. Na mgbakwunye, enwere onye na-ebelata agba nke nwere ike ịmepụta ogige agba ọkụ nwere adịghị ọcha, dị ka sodium carbonate nke enwere ike iji ígwè oxide mee ka ọ bụrụ ferric oxide, nke mere na iko ahụ na-agbanwe site na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gaa na edo edo.

(2) Colorants: Ụfọdụ metal oxides nwere ike na-agbaze ozugbo na a iko ngwọta agba iko. Ọ bụrụ na ígwè oxide na-eme ka iko ahụ na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, manganese oxide nwere ike ịpụta odo odo, cobalt oxide nwere ike ịpụta na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, nickel oxide nwere ike ịpụta agba aja aja, ọla kọpa oxide na chromium oxide nwekwara ike ịpụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.

(3) Onye na-akọwapụta nkọwa: Onye na-akọwapụta ihe nwere ike ibelata viscosity nke iko iko, nke mere na afụ nke mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nwere ike ịgbanarị ngwa ngwa ma dokwuo anya. Ihe na-akọwapụtakarị ihe bụ nzu, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, ammonium salts, manganese dioxide na ihe ndị ọzọ.

(4) Opacifier: Opacifier nwere ike ịtụgharị iko ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ahụ translucent ọcha. Opacifiers ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ cryolite, sodium fluorosilicate, tin phosphide, na ihe ndị yiri ya. Ha nwere ike ịmepụta akụkụ nke 0.1 - 1.0 μm kwụsịtụrụ na iko iji mee ka iko ahụ mebie.