Njira Zoyeretsera Zogulitsa Magalasi

Pali njira zambiri zodziwika bwino zoyeretsera magalasi, zomwe zingathe kufotokozedwa mwachidule monga kuyeretsa zosungunulira, kutentha ndi kuyeretsa ma radiation, kuyeretsa kwa ultrasonic, kuyeretsa kutulutsa, etc. pakati pawo, kuyeretsa zosungunulira ndi kuyeretsa kutentha ndizofala kwambiri. Kuyeretsa zosungunulira ndi njira wamba, amene amagwiritsa madzi, kuchepetsa asidi kapena alkali okhala ndi kuyeretsa wothandizila, anhydrous solvents monga ethanol, propylene, etc., kapena emulsion kapena zosungunulira nthunzi. Mtundu wa zosungunulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimadalira chikhalidwe cha choyipitsidwacho. Kuyeretsa zosungunulira kungathe kugawidwa mu scrubbing, kumiza (kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa asidi, alkali kuyeretsa, etc.) ndi nthunzi degreasing kupopera mankhwala

Magalasi opukuta

Njira yosavuta yoyeretsera magalasi ndikupukuta pamwamba ndi thonje loyamwa, lomwe limamizidwa mu chisakanizo cha silika, mowa kapena ammonia. Pali ziwonetsero zosonyeza kuti zoyera zitha kusiyidwa pamalowa, kotero zigawozi ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi oyeretsedwa kapena Mowa mukatha mankhwala. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri poyeretsa chisanadze, chomwe ndi sitepe yoyamba yoyeretsa. Ndi pafupifupi njira yoyeretsera yopukuta pansi pa mandala kapena galasi ndi pepala lodzaza ndi zosungunulira. Pamene CHIKWANGWANI cha pepala mandala akusisita pamwamba, ntchito zosungunulira kuchotsa ndi ntchito mkulu madzi kukameta ubweya mphamvu kwa Ufumuyo particles. Ukhondo womaliza umagwirizana ndi zosungunulira ndi zowononga zomwe zili mu pepala la lens. Lililonse pepala la lens limatayidwa litagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi popewa kuipitsidwanso. Ukhondo wapamwamba wa pamwamba ukhoza kupezedwa ndi njira yoyeretserayi.

Galasi yomiza

Kuyika magalasi ndi njira ina yosavuta yoyeretsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zida zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa ndi chidebe chotseguka chopangidwa ndi galasi, pulasitiki kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimadzazidwa ndi njira yoyeretsera. Magalasi mbali amathiridwa ndi forging kapena clamped ndi wapadera achepetsa, ndiyeno kuika mu kuyeretsa njira. Ikhoza kugwedezeka kapena ayi. Pambuyo pakuviika kwa nthawi yochepa, amachotsedwa mu chidebecho, Kenaka yikani mbali zonyowa ndi nsalu ya thonje yosaipitsidwa, ndipo fufuzani ndi zida zowunikira zamdima. Ngati ukhondo sukugwirizana ndi zofunikira, zilowererenso mumadzi omwewo kapena njira ina yoyeretsera, ndikubwereza ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi.

Pickling galasi

Zomwe zimatchedwa pickling, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za asidi (kuchokera ku asidi ofooka mpaka ku asidi amphamvu) ndi kusakaniza kwake (monga kusakaniza kwa Grignard acid ndi sulfuric acid) kuyeretsa galasi. Kuti apange galasi loyera, ma asidi ena onse kupatulapo hydrochloric acid ayenera kutenthedwa mpaka 60 ~ 85 ℃ kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa silika sivuta kusungunuka ndi zidulo (kupatula hydrochloric acid), ndipo pamakhala silicon yabwino nthawi zonse. pamwamba ukalamba galasi. Kutentha kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti silika iwonongeke. Yesetsani zatsimikizira kuti kuzirala dilution osakaniza munali 5% HF, 33% HNO3, 2% teepol cationic detergent ndi 60% H2O ndi wabwino kwambiri madzi ambiri kuyeretsa galasi ndi silika.

Zindikirani kuti pickling si yoyenera magalasi onse, makamaka magalasi okhala ndi barium oxide kapena lead oxide (monga magalasi owoneka bwino). Zinthu izi zimatha kulowetsedwa ndi asidi ofooka kupanga mtundu wa thiopine silica pamwamba.

Magalasi otsuka alkali

Kuyeretsa magalasi amchere ndi kugwiritsa ntchito caustic soda solution (NaOH solution) kuyeretsa galasi. Njira ya NaOH imatha kutsitsa ndikuchotsa mafuta. Mafuta ndi lipid ngati zinthu zitha kukhala saponified ndi alkali kupanga lipid anti acid mchere. The anachita mankhwala awa amadzimadzi njira mosavuta rinsed kuchokera woyera padziko. Kawirikawiri, njira yoyeretsera imakhala yochepa pazitsulo zowonongeka, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa zinthuzo kumaloledwa. Zimatsimikizira kupambana kwa ntchito yoyeretsa. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti palibe mphamvu yamtundu wamtundu ndi zotsatira za leaching, zomwe zingawononge khalidwe lapamwamba, Choncho ziyenera kupewedwa. Chemical ionization kugonjetsedwa inorganic ndi organic galasi angapezeke mu zitsanzo galasi mankhwala. Njira zosavuta komanso zophatikizika zomiza zomiza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyeretsa tizigawo tating'ono.

Degreasing ndi kuyeretsa galasi ndi nthunzi

Kutentha kwa nthunzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuchotsa mafuta pamtunda ndi galasi losweka. Poyeretsa galasi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lomaliza la njira zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera. Chowombera nthunzi chimapangidwa ndi chotengera chotseguka chokhala ndi chinthu chotenthetsera pansi ndi serpentine yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi kuzungulira pamwamba. Madzi oyeretsera amatha kukhala isoendoethanol kapena oxidized ndi chlorinated carbohydrate. Chosungunuliracho chimasanduka nthunzi kupanga mpweya wotentha kwambiri. Coil yozizira imalepheretsa kutayika kwa nthunzi, kotero nthunzi imatha kusungidwa mu zida. Gwirani galasi lozizira kuti mutsuke ndi zida zapadera ndikuviika mu nthunzi yowonongeka kwa masekondi 15 mpaka mphindi zingapo. Mpweya wamadzi woyeretsera umakhala wosungunuka kwambiri pazinthu zambiri. Amapanga njira ndi zoipitsa pa galasi ozizira ndi kudontha, ndiyeno m'malo ndi oyera condensing zosungunulira. Izi zimapitirira mpaka galasi litatenthedwa kwambiri ndipo silimasungunuka. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa galasi, m'pamenenso nthunzi imasungunuka mosalekeza kuti iyeretse malo onyowa. Lamba wagalasi wotsukidwa ndi njira iyi ali ndi magetsi osasunthika, Mtengowu uyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mpweya wabwino wa ionized kuti uwonongeke nthawi yayitali.

Pofuna kupewa kukopa fumbi particles mu mlengalenga. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mphamvu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timamangiriridwa kwambiri, ndipo kutulutsa mpweya ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera malo abwino kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kuyeretsa kumatha kuyesedwa poyesa kugundana kokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mayeso amdima amdima, ngodya yolumikizirana ndi muyeso wamakanema afilimu. Izi ndizokwera, chonde yeretsani pamwamba.

Kuyeretsa galasi ndi kutsitsi

Kuyeretsa kwa jet kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya shear yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi madzi osuntha pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuti tiwononge mphamvu yomatira pakati pa particles ndi pamwamba. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timayimitsidwa mumadzi otaya ndikuchotsedwa pamwamba ndi madzimadzi. Madzi omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa leaching amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa jeti. Pa liwiro la jet nthawi zonse, njira yoyeretsera yochuluka kwambiri, mphamvu ya kinetic imasamutsidwa ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kuyeretsa kumatha kupitilizidwa ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga komanso kuthamanga kwamadzi komwe kumayendera. Mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pafupifupi 350 kPa. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, mphuno yopyapyala imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mtunda pakati pa nozzle ndi pamwamba suyenera kupitirira nthawi 100 za m'mimba mwake. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwamadzimadzi kumayambitsa mavuto oziziritsa pamwamba, ndiyeno nthunzi wamadzi sukuyembekezeka kupanga madontho pamwamba. Zomwe zili pamwambazi zitha kupewedwa posintha madzi a organic ndi hydrogen kapena jeti yamadzi yopanda dothi. Jakisoni wamadzimadzi othamanga kwambiri ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yochotsera tinthu tating'ono ngati 5pm. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mpweya kapena mpweya kumagwiranso ntchito nthawi zina.

Pali njira ina yoyeretsera galasi ndi zosungunulira. Chifukwa poyeretsa galasi ndi zosungunulira, njira iliyonse imakhala ndi gawo lake. Nthawi zambiri, makamaka pamene zosungunulira zokha ndi zoipitsa, si ntchito. Njira yoyeretsera nthawi zambiri imakhala yosagwirizana, kotero musanagwiritse ntchito njira ina yoyeretsera, iyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu pamwamba. Poyeretsa, dongosolo la kuyeretsa liyenera kukhala logwirizana ndi mankhwala komanso losakanikirana, ndipo palibe mvula pagawo lililonse. Kusintha kuchokera ku njira ya acidic kupita ku njira ya alkaline, yomwe iyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera. Kuti musinthe kuchoka ku njira yamadzimadzi kupita ku organic solution, mankhwala osakanikirana (monga mowa kapena madzi apadera ochotsera madzi) amafunikira nthawi zonse pakuchiza kwapakati. kuphatikiza

Zowononga mankhwala ndi zoyeretsa zowonongeka zimaloledwa kukhala pamtunda kwa nthawi yochepa. Gawo lomaliza la kuyeretsa liyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyowa, njira yomaliza yotsuka iyenera kukhala yoyera momwe mungathere. Nthawi zambiri, iyenera kukhala yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kusankha njira yabwino yoyeretsera kumafuna chidziwitso. Pomaliza, chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti malo oyeretsedwa asasiyidwe osatetezedwa. Isanafike sitepe yomaliza ya ❖ kuyanika mankhwala, izo mosamalitsa chofunika kusunga ndi kusuntha bwino.