Mu 1994, United Kingdom idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a m'magazi poyesa kusungunuka kwa magalasi. Mu 2003, bungwe la United States Department of Energy and glass industry linayesa kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka dziwe la magalasi osungunuka a plasma a E ndi magalasi, kupulumutsa mphamvu zoposa 40%. Bungwe latsopano laukadaulo laukadaulo la Japan lapanganso xiangnituo yaku Japan ndi Tokyo University yaukadaulo kuti akhazikitse mayeso a 1t / D. Gulu lagalasi lidasungunuka ndikuwuluka ndi kutentha kwa plasma ya radio induction. Nthawi yosungunuka inali 2 ~ 3H yokha, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito galasi yomalizidwa inali 5.75mj/kg. Mu 2008, xiangnituo anachita 100t koloko laimu galasi chitetezo mayeso, ndipo nthawi kusungunuka anali adzafupikitsidwa kwa 1/10 choyambirira, mowa mphamvu yafupika 50%, Co, No. utsi wodetsedwa kuchepetsedwa ndi 50%. Bungwe laukadaulo la New Energy Industry (NEDO) la Japan's New Energy Enterprise (NEDO) likukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito 1 t soda laimu galasi kuyesa yankho la batching, mu ndege kusungunuka pamodzi ndi decompression kumveketsa ndondomeko, ndipo akukonzekera kuchepetsa kusungunula mphamvu kuwononga 3767 kJ / kg galasi mu 2012. .
Pankhani ya zida zamagalasi, galena ndi lead lead zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula magalasi m'mbiri. Galasi lotsogola lopangidwa ndi galena ndi lead lead ndi lowoneka bwino komanso losavuta kupanga ndi kusema, zomwe ndi zabwino kwambiri kuposa galasi la soda. Poyamba ankaganiza kuti zimenezi n’zopita patsogolo. Koma kenako, anthu adazindikira pang'onopang'ono kuvulaza kwa magalasi amtovu. Pakali pano, kuwonjezera pa galasi kuwala ndi galasi khalidwe kutsogolera, Europe wapanga angapo zoyesera pa zipangizo zamagetsi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi, galasi Wotsogolera anali oletsedwa zoseweretsa ndi zina zolongedza katundu. Mercury, cadmium ndi arsenic adaletsedwanso. Kuyambira m’zaka za m’ma 1800 kufika m’zaka za m’ma 1800, magalasi amagalasi ankakutidwa ndi malata kumbuyo kwa galasilo kuti aonekere, koma anali oopsa kwambiri. Mu 1835, siliva wamankhwala adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake. Kale, arsenic okusayidi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati opacifier kupanga otsanzira jade mankhwala. Zotsatira zake zinali zovuta kuti ma opacifiers ena akwaniritse. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake, kwakhala koletsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati opacifier. Osati kokha zotengera zamagalasi zomwe zimalumikizana ndi chakudya ndi zakumwa zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowunikira m'malo mwa arsenic oxide, komanso galasi la kuwala lidagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchotsa arsenic, Kupanga magalasi osawoneka bwino kwachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zosasinthika monga zopangira ndi mphamvu, komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kaboni mumayendedwe. Kutengera chitsanzo ku UK, botolo lililonse lagalasi limachepetsedwa ndi 1/10, ndipo kumwa kwa matani 250000 agalasi ndi matani 180000 a CO2 kumachepetsa chaka chilichonse. Akatswiri akunja ananenanso kuti ubwino wa mabotolo a vinyo unatsika ndi 1g, ndipo cotulutsa mumlengalenga watsikanso ndi 1g. Muzamlengalenga, ndege, mayendedwe, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalasi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kukana kwa radiation, kuchuluka kwa ma space Optical system kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, TiO2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa PbO, Bao, CDO kukonza galasi la kuwala ndi index yofananira. Pofuna kuchepetsa kulemera kwa windshield yamagalimoto, gawo lapansi la galasi la 2mm limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera galasi lachitetezo. Izi ndizowona makamaka paziwonetsero zamagulu athyathyathya, pomwe makulidwe a galasi adachepetsedwa kuchokera ku 2mm mpaka kuchepera 1.5mm; makulidwe a touch screen yafupika 0.5mm kuti 0.1mm; Makulidwe a chiwonetsero chazida zonyamula zamagetsi amachepetsedwa mpaka 0.3mm. Mu 2011, Asahi nitzsch adatulutsa gawo lapansi la 0.1 mm alkali laulere pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyandama yolumikizira, chiwonetsero cham'badwo wachiwiri, kuyatsa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Magalasi opyapyala ndi magalasi owonda kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi ndi mbale yophimba ya ma cell a solar mu satelayiti, zoyenda mumlengalenga ndi zakuthambo kuti asunge mphamvu pakuyambitsa ndikugwira ntchito. Makulidwe a gawo lapansi ndi mbale yophimba amachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku 0,1 mm mpaka 0.008 mm.
Kuphatikizika ndi luntha kumapangitsa kuti magalasi amtundu womwewo akhale ndi ntchito zambiri ndikukhala mtundu watsopano wazinthu zowonjezereka zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito ziwiri komanso zingapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira koyambirira kogwiritsa ntchito galasi lamitundu yambiri ndikusintha kukhala mtundu wa galasi logwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, m'tsogolo wanzeru galasi galasi ali ndi ntchito za dimming basi, kutchinjiriza phokoso, chitetezo kutentha, kuyeretsa mpweya, antibacterial ndi yolera yotseketsa, komanso akhoza kuphatikiza photovoltaic kusakanikirana (dzuwa selo mphamvu m'badwo), kusonkhanitsa kutentha kwa dzuwa, photocatalytic anachita hydrogen ndi galasi. khoma lotchinga kuti lipange nyumba yanzeru yopulumutsa mphamvu, kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonse.
The wosakanizidwa wa galasi ndi zinthu organic amatanthauza kuphatikiza awiri mu nano sikelo, amene angathe kulimbikitsa kugwirizana kwa mawonekedwe, kupereka sewero lathunthu kwa rigidity, dimensional bata, mkulu softening kutentha ndi mkulu matenthedwe katundu galasi, komanso gwiritsani ntchito kukameta ubweya, kusinthika kofewa komanso kusinthika kwa polima yaing'ono yama cell, kuti mupeze zida zatsopano zomwe zitha kupangidwa, kusonkhana, kusakaniza ndi kusinthidwa. Ntchito zatsopano zazinthu zosakanizidwa zitha kupezedwa posankha magawo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe, monga kuwonjezera ma polima ochititsa chidwi mukusintha zitsulo za alkoxide. Makhalidwe azinthu zosakanizidwa amatha kupangidwa ndikusinthidwa mwadala, monga kuwonjezera utoto wa organic kapena ma polima a p-conjugated mu netiweki yagalasi kuti apeze zida zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi liniya kuzinthu zopanda mzere; Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa magalasi a phosphate otsika osungunuka galasi okonzedwa ndi hybridization ndi otsika 29 ℃.
Galasi yachikhalidwe ndi yosalimba, yomwe imakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake. Mphamvu ndi kulimbitsa magalasi ndi ntchito yofufuza mwachangu. M'tsogolomu, tiyenera kufufuza mozama zomwe zimayambitsa ma microcracks, kugwiritsa ntchito luso lapamwamba lofananitsa, momwe tingapewere kufalikira kwa ming'alu, momwe mungachiritse ming'alu, momwe mungasinthire maonekedwe a galasi, ndi momwe mungalimbitsire galasi ndi nanostructures. .
M'tsogolomu, galasi lachikhalidwe liyenera kukonzanso zomwe zili mu sayansi ndi zamakono, kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu, ndikupita patsogolo pa chitukuko chobiriwira komanso chogwira ntchito zambiri, kuchokera pakukula kwa makampani otsika mpaka ku chitukuko cha mtengo wapatali komanso mapangidwe apamwamba. Ponena za zida zogwirira ntchito, zinthu zina zabwino kwambiri zamagalasi sizingasinthidwe. M'zaka za zana la 21 ndi zaka za photonics, ndi luso la photonics silingasiyanitsidwe ndi galasi la photonics, lomwe liri ndi chikoka chachikulu pakukula kwa chidziwitso, kufalitsa, kusungirako, kuwonetsera, kusungirako, kusungirako, kusungirako, kusunga ndi zina zotero. mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi mphamvu woyera, ndi galasi ndi zinthu zofunika dzuwa mphamvu m'badwo, monga kopitilira muyeso woyera galasi gawo lapansi ndi chivundikiro mbale ya maselo dzuwa, mandala conductive galasi, makamaka kusakanikirana kwa photovoltaic nyumba. Ili ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuphatikiza mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi khoma lotchinga lagalasi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-11-2021