Kutsuka Magalasi Ndi Kuyanika

Pamwamba pa magalasi omwe ali mumlengalenga nthawi zambiri amakhala oipitsidwa. Chinthu chilichonse chopanda ntchito ndi mphamvu pamtunda ndi zowononga, ndipo chithandizo chilichonse chimayambitsa kuipitsa. Kutengera momwe thupi limakhalira, kuipitsidwa kwapamtunda kumatha kukhala mpweya, madzi kapena olimba, omwe amakhala ngati nembanemba kapena granular. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake amankhwala, imatha kukhala mu ionic kapena covalent state, inorganic kapena organic matter. Pali magwero ambiri a kuipitsa, ndipo kuipitsa koyambirira nthawi zambiri kumakhala gawo la mapangidwe a pamwamba pake. Adsorption phenomenon, chemical reaction, leaching and drying process, makina ochizira, kufalikira ndi tsankho zonse zimawonjezera zoipitsa zapamadzi pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, kafukufuku wambiri wasayansi ndiukadaulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kumafuna malo oyera. Mwachitsanzo, musanapereke chigoba chapamwamba, pamwamba payenera kukhala koyera, apo ayi filimuyo ndi pamwamba sizidzatsatira bwino, kapena kumamatira.

GalasiCkutsamiraMethod

Pali njira zambiri zodziwika bwino zoyeretsera magalasi, kuphatikiza kuyeretsa zosungunulira, kutenthetsa ndi kuyeretsa ma radiation, kuyeretsa kwa ultrasonic, kuyeretsa kutulutsa, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuyeretsa zosungunulira ndi njira yodziwika bwino, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okhala ndi zoyeretsera, kusungunula asidi kapena zosungunulira za anhydrous monga ethanol, C, etc., emulsion kapena nthunzi yosungunulira ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Mtundu wa zosungunulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimadalira chikhalidwe cha choyipitsidwacho. Kuyeretsa zosungunulira kungathe kugawidwa mu scrubbing, kumiza (kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa asidi, alkali kuyeretsa, etc.), nthunzi degreasing spray kutsukidwa ndi njira zina.

KukolopaGmtsikana

Njira yosavuta yoyeretsera magalasi ndikupukuta pamwamba ndi thonje yoyamwa, yomwe imamizidwa mu chisakanizo cha fumbi loyera, mowa kapena ammonia. Pali zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti chokocho chikhoza kusiyidwa pamalowa, kotero zigawozi ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi oyera kapena Mowa mutatha mankhwala. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri poyeretsa chisanadze, chomwe ndi sitepe yoyamba yoyeretsa. Ndi pafupifupi njira yoyeretsera yopukuta pansi pa mandala kapena galasi ndi pepala lodzaza ndi zosungunulira. Pamene CHIKWANGWANI cha pepala mandala akusisita pamwamba, ntchito zosungunulira kuchotsa ndi ntchito mkulu madzi kukameta ubweya mphamvu kwa Ufumuyo particles. Ukhondo womaliza umagwirizana ndi zosungunulira ndi zowononga zomwe zili mu pepala la lens. Lililonse pepala la lens limatayidwa litagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi popewa kuipitsidwanso. Ukhondo wapamwamba wa pamwamba ukhoza kupezedwa ndi njira yoyeretserayi.

KumizaGmtsikana

Kuyika magalasi ndi njira ina yosavuta yoyeretsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zida zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa ndi chidebe chotseguka chopangidwa ndi galasi, pulasitiki kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimadzazidwa ndi njira yoyeretsera. Magalasi mbali amathiridwa ndi forging kapena clamped ndi wapadera achepetsa, ndiyeno kuika mu kuyeretsa njira. Ikhoza kugwedezeka kapena ayi. Pambuyo pakuviika kwa nthawi yochepa, amachotsedwa mu chidebecho, Zigawo zonyowa zimawumitsidwa ndi nsalu za thonje zosaipitsidwa ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi kuunikira kwamdima. Ngati ukhondo sukugwirizana ndi zofunikira, ukhoza kuviikidwa mumadzimadzi omwewo kapena njira ina yoyeretsera kachiwiri kubwereza ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi.

AsidiPicklingTo BreakGmtsikana

Pickling ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zidulo zamphamvu zosiyanasiyana (kuchokera ku zofooka mpaka zamphamvu zidulo) ndi zosakaniza zake (monga kusakaniza kwa asidi ndi sulfuric acid) kuyeretsa galasi. Kuti apange galasi loyera, ma asidi onse kupatulapo hydrogen acid ayenera kutenthedwa mpaka 60 ~ 85 ℃ kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa silicon dioxide sivuta kusungunuka ndi zidulo (kupatula hydrofluoric acid), ndipo pamakhala silicon yabwino nthawi zonse. pamwamba pa galasi okalamba, Kutentha kwambiri kumathandiza kusungunuka kwa silika. Kuyeserera kwatsimikizira kuti kuzizira kwa dilution osakaniza okhala ndi 5% HF, 33% HNO2, 2% teepol-l cationic detergent ndi 60% H1o ndi madzi abwino kwambiri otsukira galasi ndi silika. Zindikirani kuti pickling si yoyenera magalasi onse, makamaka magalasi okhala ndi barium okusayidi wambiri kapena lead oxide (monga magalasi owoneka), zinthuzi zimatha kupitsidwanso ndi asidi ofooka kuti apange mtundu wa thiopine silica pamwamba. .

AlkaliWashingAnd GmtsikanaAkukonza

Kuyeretsa magalasi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito caustic soda solution (NaOH solution) kuyeretsa galasi. Njira ya NaOH imatha kutsitsa ndikuchotsa mafuta. Mafuta ndi lipid ngati zinthu zitha kusinthidwa kukhala mchere wotsimikizira kuti mafuta acid ndi alkali. The anachita mankhwala awa amadzimadzi njira mosavuta rinsed kuchokera woyera padziko. Nthawi zambiri timayembekeza kuti njira yoyeretsera idzakhala yochepa pazitsulo zowonongeka, koma kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa zinthu zochiritsira zokhazokha kumaloledwa, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ntchito yoyeretsayo ipambana. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti dzimbiri zamphamvu ndi zotulukapo sizimayembekezereka, zomwe zingawononge mawonekedwe apamwamba ndipo ziyenera kupewedwa. Magalasi osamva mankhwala a inorganic ndi organic angapezeke mu zitsanzo zamagalasi. Njira zosavuta komanso zovuta zomiza komanso zotsuka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuyeretsa chinyezi chazigawo zing'onozing'ono.