Zopangira zopangira mabotolo agalasi.

Waukulu zopangira kupanga galasi mabotolo
Zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera gulu la galasi zimatchulidwa pamodzi kuti zida zagalasi. Gulu lagalasi lopangira mafakitale ndi losakanikirana ndi zigawo 7 mpaka 12. Kutengera kuchuluka kwawo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, zitha kugawidwa m'magalasi ndi zida zazikulu.
Zopangira zazikuluzikulu zimatanthawuza zopangira zomwe ma oxides osiyanasiyana amalowetsedwa mugalasi, monga mchenga wa quartz, mchenga, miyala yamchere, feldspar, phulusa la soda, boric acid, lead compound, bismuth compound, etc., zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala galasi pambuyo kusungunuka.
Zida zothandizira ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa galasi kukhala lofunika kwambiri kapena kufulumira kusungunuka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, koma amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Atha kugawidwa m'magulu owunikira komanso opaka utoto malinga ndi gawo lomwe amasewera.
Decolorizer, opacifier, oxidant, flux.
Zopangira magalasi ndizovuta kwambiri, koma zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu komanso zida zothandizira malinga ndi ntchito zawo. Zopangira zazikuluzikulu zimapanga thupi lalikulu la galasi ndikuzindikira zomwe zili mugalasi ndi mankhwala. Zida zothandizira zimapereka katundu wapadera kwa galasi ndikubweretsa mosavuta pakupanga.

1, zida zazikulu zagalasi

(1) Mchenga wa silika kapena borax: Chigawo chachikulu cha mchenga wa silika kapena borax chomwe chimalowetsedwa mugalasi ndi silika kapena boron oxide, yomwe imatha kusungunuka padera mu galasi lagalasi pakuyaka, yomwe imatsimikizira zomwe galasilo limapanga, lomwe limatchedwanso silicate galasi. kapena boron. Asidi mchere galasi.

(2) Soda kapena mchere wa Glauber: Chigawo chachikulu cha soda ndi thenardite chomwe chimalowetsedwa mugalasi ndi sodium oxide. Mu calcination, amapanga fusible mchere wawiri wokhala ndi acidic oxide monga mchenga wa silica, womwe umakhala ngati flux ndipo umapangitsa galasi kukhala losavuta kupanga. Komabe, ngati zomwe zili mkati mwake ndi zochuluka, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa galasi kumawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi idzachepa.

(3) Mwala wa laimu, dolomite, feldspar, ndi zina zotero: Chigawo chachikulu cha miyala yamchere yomwe imalowetsedwa mu galasi ndi calcium oxide, yomwe imapangitsa kuti galasi likhale lokhazikika komanso mphamvu zamakina a galasi, koma zochulukirapo zimapangitsa galasi kukhala lowala komanso kuchepetsa kutentha.

Monga zopangira zopangira magnesium oxide, dolomite imatha kukulitsa kuwonekera kwa galasi, kuchepetsa kukula kwamafuta, ndikuwongolera kukana madzi.

Feldspar imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira poyambitsa aluminiyamu, yomwe imayang'anira kutentha kosungunuka komanso imapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba. Kuonjezera apo, feldspar ikhoza kuperekanso potassium oxide particles kuti apititse patsogolo kutentha kwa galasi.

(4) Magalasi osweka: Nthawi zambiri, sizinthu zonse zatsopano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga galasi, koma 15% -30% magalasi osweka amasakanikirana.

2, galasi wothandiza zipangizo

(1) Decolorizing agent: zonyansa muzinthu zopangira, monga iron oxide, zimabweretsa mtundu kugalasi. Soda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, sodium carbonate, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, ndi zina zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati decolorizing agents, zomwe zimapereka mitundu yofananira ku mtundu woyambirira wagalasi. Galasiyo imakhala yopanda mtundu. Komanso, pali mtundu kuchepetsa wothandizira angathe kupanga kuwala mtundu pawiri ndi zonyansa amitundu, monga sodium carbonate amene akhoza oxidized ndi okusayidi chitsulo kupanga ferric okusayidi, kuti galasi kusintha kuchokera wobiriwira chikasu.

(2) Zopaka utoto: Ma oxide ena achitsulo amatha kusungunuka mwachindunji mugalasi lopaka utoto. Ngati chitsulo okusayidi chimapangitsa galasi kukhala lachikasu kapena lobiriwira, manganese okusayidi amatha kuwoneka wofiirira, cobalt oxide imatha kuwoneka ngati buluu, nickel oxide imatha kuwoneka bulauni, ndipo oxide yamkuwa ndi chromium oxide imatha kuwoneka yobiriwira.

(3) Wothandizira kufotokozera: Wothandizira wofotokozera amatha kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa galasi kusungunuka, kotero kuti thovu lopangidwa ndi mankhwala amatha kuthawa ndi kumveka. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi choko, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, ammonium salt, manganese dioxide ndi zina zotero.

(4) Opacifier: Opacifier amatha kusandutsa galasi kukhala thupi loyera lamkaka loyera. Ma opacifiers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi cryolite, sodium fluorosilicate, tin phosphide, ndi zina zotero. Amatha kupanga tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta 0.1 - 1.0 μm zoimitsidwa mugalasi kuti galasilo liwonekere.