Uburyo bwo Gusukura Ibirahure

Hariho uburyo bwinshi busanzwe bwo koza ibirahuri, bishobora kuvugwa muri make nko gusukura ibishishwa, gushyushya no gukwirakwiza imirasire, gusukura ultrasonic, gusukura ibintu, nibindi muribyo, gusukura ibishishwa no gushyushya ubushyuhe nibisanzwe. Isuku ya solvent nuburyo busanzwe, bukoresha amazi, acide acide cyangwa alkali irimo ibintu byogusukura, umusemburo wa anhydrous nka Ethanol, propylene, nibindi, cyangwa emulsiyo cyangwa imyuka ya solvent. Ubwoko bwa solvent ikoreshwa biterwa na miterere yanduye. Isuku ya solvent irashobora kugabanywamo scrubbing, kwibiza (harimo gusukura aside, gusukura alkali, nibindi) no gusukura ibyuka byangiza spray

Ikirahure

Inzira yoroshye yo koza ibirahuri ni ugusiga hejuru hamwe nipamba yinjiza, ikinjizwa mumvange yimvura ya silika, inzoga cyangwa ammonia. Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibimenyetso byera bishobora gusigara kuri ubu buso, bityo ibi bice bigomba guhanagurwa neza n'amazi meza cyangwa Ethanol nyuma yo kuvurwa. Ubu buryo burakwiriye cyane mbere yo gukora isuku, niyo ntambwe yambere yo gukora isuku. Nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukora isuku yohanagura hepfo ya lens cyangwa indorerwamo hamwe nimpapuro zuzuye zuzuye. Iyo fibre yimpapuro zipanze hejuru, ikoresha umusemburo kugirango ikuremo kandi ikoreshe ingufu zogosha zamazi hejuru yibice bifatanye. Isuku ya nyuma ifitanye isano na solve hamwe n umwanda uri mumpapuro. Buri mpapuro za lens zijugunywa nyuma yo gukoreshwa rimwe kugirango wirinde kwanduza. Urwego rwo hejuru rwisuku yubutaka rushobora kugerwaho nubu buryo bwo gukora isuku.

Ikirahuri cyo kwibiza

Kunyika ibirahuri nubundi buryo bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora isuku. Ibikoresho by'ibanze bikoreshwa mu gushiramo isuku ni ikintu gifunguye gikozwe mu kirahure, plastiki cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese, byuzuyemo igisubizo. Ibice by'ibirahuri bifatanyirizwa hamwe cyangwa bigashyirwaho clamp idasanzwe, hanyuma bigashyirwa mubisubizo byogusukura. Irashobora gukangurwa cyangwa kutabikora. Nyuma yo gushiramo umwanya muto, ikurwa muri kontineri, Hanyuma ukama ibice bitose hamwe nigitambara cyanduye kidahumanye, hanyuma ukagenzura ukoresheje ibikoresho byo kumurika umwijima. Niba isuku itujuje ibisabwa, ongera wongere ushire mumazi amwe cyangwa ikindi gisubizo cyogusukura, hanyuma usubiremo inzira yavuzwe haruguru.

Gutora ikirahure

Ibyo bita gutoragura, ni ugukoresha imbaraga zitandukanye za aside (kuva acide nkeya kugeza acide ikomeye) hamwe nuruvange rwayo (nk'uruvange rwa aside ya Grignard na aside sulfurike) kugirango usukure ikirahure. Kugirango habeho ikirahure gisukuye, acide zose usibye aside hydrochloric igomba gushyukwa kugeza kuri 60 ~ 85 ℃ kugirango ikoreshwe, kuko silika ntabwo yoroshye gushonga na acide (usibye aside hydrochloric), kandi burigihe hariho silikoni nziza kuri hejuru yikirahure. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bufasha gusesa silika. Imyitozo yerekanye ko imvange yo gukonjesha ivanze irimo 5% HF, 33% HNO3, 2% teepol cationic detergent na 60% H2O ni amazi meza muri rusange yo koza ibirahuri na silika.

Twabibutsa ko gutoragura bidakwiriye ibirahuri byose, cyane cyane kubirahuri birimo ibintu byinshi bya oxyde ya barium cyangwa okiside (nka ibirahuri bimwe na bimwe bya optique). Izi ngingo zishobora no guterwa na acide nkeya kugirango habeho ubwoko bwa thiopine silika.

Alkali yogeje ikirahure

Isuku y'ibirahuri bya alkaline ni ugukoresha caustic soda yumuti (NaOH igisubizo) kugirango usukure ikirahure. Igisubizo cya NaOH gifite ubushobozi bwo kumanuka no gukuraho amavuta. Amavuta na lipide nkibikoresho birashobora gusukurwa na alkali kugirango bibe umunyu wa lipide anti aside. Ibicuruzwa bivamo ibisubizo byamazi birashobora kwozwa byoroshye hanze yubusa. Mubisanzwe, inzira yisuku igarukira gusa kumurongo wanduye, ariko gukoresha urumuri rwibikoresho ubwabyo biremewe. Iremeza neza inzira yo gukora isuku. Tugomba kumenya ko nta ngaruka zikomeye zubwoko ningaruka zo kwangiza, byangiza ubwiza bwubuso, Bikwiye rero kwirindwa. Ibirahuri bya ionisiyonike birwanya inorganiki na organic birashobora kuboneka mubirahuri byibicuruzwa. Uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuriza hamwe kwibiza bikoreshwa cyane mugusukura ibice bito.

Gutesha agaciro no guhanagura ibirahuri hamwe na parike

Kugabanuka kwamazi bikoreshwa cyane mugukuraho amavuta yo hejuru hamwe nikirahure kimenetse. Mu gusukura ibirahuri, akenshi bikoreshwa nkintambwe yanyuma yuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora isuku. Imashini ya parike igizwe ahanini nicyombo gifunguye gifite ikintu gishyushya hepfo hamwe ninzoka ikonjesha amazi ikikije hejuru. Amazi asukuye arashobora kuba isoendoethanol cyangwa okiside na karubone ya chlorine. Umuti uhumeka kugirango ube gaze ishyushye cyane. Igicupa gikonjesha kirinda gutakaza amavuta, bityo parike irashobora kugumana mubikoresho. Fata ikirahure gikonje kugirango ukarabe hamwe nibikoresho bidasanzwe hanyuma ubishire mumashanyarazi yibanze kumasegonda 15 kugeza muminota mike. Gazi isukuye isukuye isukuye cyane kubintu byinshi. Ikora igisubizo hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirahure gikonje kandi gitonyanga, hanyuma kigasimbuzwa icyuma gikonjesha. Iyi nzira irakomeza kugeza ikirahure gishyushye kandi ntigikonje. Nubunini bwubushyuhe bwikirahure ni ninshi, niko umwanya uhora wikomeza kugirango usukure hejuru yuzuye. Umukandara wikirahure wasukuwe nubu buryo ufite amashanyarazi ahamye, Iki giciro kigomba gukorerwa mu kirere cyiza cya ionisiyoneri kugirango kigabanuke igihe kirekire.

Mu rwego rwo gukumira gukurura umukungugu mu kirere. Kubera imbaraga zingufu, ibice byumukungugu bifatanye cyane, kandi kugabanuka kwumwuka ninzira nziza yo kubona ubuso bwiza bwo hejuru. Isuku irashobora kugeragezwa mugupima coefficient de frais. Mubyongeyeho, hariho ikizamini cyumwijima, guhuza inguni no gupima firime. Indangagaciro ni ndende, nyamuneka sukura hejuru.

Kwoza ikirahuri hamwe na spray

Isuku yindege ikoresha imbaraga zogosha zikoreshwa namazi yimuka kubice bito kugirango asenye imbaraga zifatika hagati yuduce nubuso. Ibice byahagaritswe mumazi atemba kandi bigakurwa hejuru yamazi. Amazi asanzwe akoreshwa mugusukura amazi arashobora no gukoreshwa mugusukura indege. Ku muvuduko uhoraho windege, igisubizo cyisukuye ni kinini, niko imbaraga za kinetic zimurirwa mubice byafashwe. Isuku irashobora kunozwa mukongera umuvuduko numuvuduko ukabije wamazi. Umuvuduko ukoreshwa ni 350 kPa. Kugirango ubone ibisubizo byiza, ikoreshwa ryumufana muto cyane, kandi intera iri hagati ya nozzle nubuso ntigomba kurenza inshuro 100 za diameter ya nozzle. Gutera umuvuduko mwinshi wamazi kama bitera ibibazo byo gukonjesha hejuru, hanyuma umwuka wamazi ntuteganijwe gukora ikizinga. Ibihe byavuzwe haruguru birashobora kwirindwa mugusimbuza amazi kama na hydrogen cyangwa indege yamazi idafite umwanda. Gutera umuvuduko mwinshi wamazi nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo gukuraho uduce duto nka saa kumi nimwe zumugoroba. Umuvuduko ukabije wumuyaga cyangwa gazi nabyo bigira akamaro mubihe bimwe.

Hariho uburyo runaka bwo koza ibirahuri hamwe na solve. Kuberako mugihe cyoza ibirahuri hamwe na solvent, buri buryo bugira aho bugarukira. Mubihe byinshi, cyane cyane iyo solve ubwayo ari umwanda, ntabwo ikoreshwa. Igisubizo cyogusukura mubisanzwe ntigishobora kubangikanya, kubwibyo mbere yo gukoresha ikindi gisubizo cyogusukura, kigomba gukurwaho rwose hejuru. Mubikorwa byogusukura, gahunda yo gusukura igisubizo igomba kuba ihuje imiti kandi itumvikana, kandi nta mvura igwa muri buri cyiciro. Hindura uva mumuti wa acide uhindurwe alkaline, mugihe igomba gukaraba n'amazi meza. Kugirango uhindurwe uva mumuti wamazi ukemurwa kama kama, cosolvent itemewe (nka alcool cyangwa amazi adasanzwe yo kuvanaho amazi) irakenewe buri gihe kugirango bivurwe hagati. wongeyeho

Imiti yangiza imiti hamwe nisuku yangiza yemerewe kuguma hejuru yigihe gito. Intambwe yanyuma yuburyo bwo gukora isuku igomba gukorwa ubwitonzi bukomeye. Iyo hakoreshejwe imiti itose, igisubizo cya nyuma cyo koza kigomba kuba cyera gishoboka. Mubisanzwe, bigomba kuba byoroshye gukoresha. Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gukora isuku bisaba uburambe. Hanyuma, ikintu cyingenzi nuko ubuso busukuye butagomba gusigara butarinzwe. Mbere yintambwe yanyuma yo kuvura, birasabwa rwose kubika no kugenda neza.