Inenge y'Ibirahure

incamake

Uhereye kubikoresho bitunganijwe, gutegura icyiciro, gushonga, gusobanura, guhuza abantu, gukonjesha, gukora no gutema, gusenya sisitemu yimikorere cyangwa ikosa ryibikorwa bizerekana inenge zitandukanye mumasahani yumwimerere yikirahure kibase.

Inenge yikirahure kibase igabanya cyane ubwiza bwikirahure, ndetse bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere no gutunganya ibirahure, cyangwa bigatera imyanda myinshi. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwinenge mubirahuri binini nibitera. Ukurikije inenge ziri imbere imbere no hanze yikirahure, irashobora kugabanywamo inenge zimbere nizitagaragara. Inenge yimbere yikirahure ibaho cyane mumubiri wikirahure. Ukurikije leta zabo zitandukanye, zirashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: ibibyimba (gaze ya gaze), amabuye (inclusitions ikomeye), imirongo na nodules (ibirahuri). Inenge zigaragara zikorwa cyane cyane muburyo bwo gukora, guhuza no gukata, harimo guhindura optique (tin spot), gushushanya (abrasion), inenge zo mumaso (amaherezo yaturika, convex convex, inguni yabuze), nibindi.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwinenge, uburyo bwubushakashatsi nabwo buratandukanye, mugihe hari inenge runaka mubirahure, akenshi bikenera kunyuramo

Gusa binyuze mubyigisho byuburyo butandukanye dushobora gufata icyemezo cyukuri. Hashingiwe ku kumenya impamvu, hagomba gufatwa ingamba ku gihe

Ingamba zifatika zo gukumira inenge zikomeje kugaragara.

Bubble

Ibibyimba mu kirahure bigaragara gaze irimo, ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa kumiterere yibicuruzwa byibirahure gusa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka kumucyo nimbaraga za kirahure. Kubwibyo, ni ubwoko bwinenge ya vitreous yoroshye gukurura abantu.

Ingano yigituba iva kuri kimwe cya cumi cya milimetero kugeza kuri milimetero nkeya. Ukurikije ubunini. Ibibyimba birashobora kugabanywamo ibara ryinshi (diameter SM) na gaze (diameter> 0.8m), kandi imiterere yabyo iratandukanye, harimo serefegitura, ibishushanyo n'umurongo. Guhindura ibibyimba biterwa ahanini nuburyo bwo gukora ibicuruzwa. Ibigize imiti yibibyimba biratandukanye, kandi akenshi birimo 2, N2, Co, CO2, SO2, okiside ya hydrogen na gaze yamazi.

Ukurikije impamvu zitandukanye zitera ibibyimba, irashobora kugabanywamo ibibyimba byibanze (ibyiciro bisigaye bisigaye), ibibyimba bya kabiri, ibyuka byo mu kirere byo hanze, ibibyimba bitavunika hamwe nibyuma biterwa nicyuma nibindi. Mubikorwa byo kubyara, hariho impamvu nyinshi zitera ibicuruzwa mubirahure, kandi ibintu biragoye cyane. Mubisanzwe, mubyiciro bitandukanye byuburyo bwo gushonga, intambwe yambere nukumenya igihe n’aho ibibyimba biva, hanyuma ukiga ibikoresho bibisi, gushonga no gukora imiterere, kugirango umenye ibitera, hanyuma ufate ingamba zijyanye no kubikemura.

Isesengura n'amabuye (gushiramo bikomeye)

Ibuye ni kristaline ikomeye yinjizwa mumubiri wikirahure. Ninenge iteje akaga cyane mumubiri wikirahure, igira ingaruka cyane kumiterere yikirahure. Ntabwo yangiza gusa isura hamwe na optique ya homogeneity yibicuruzwa byikirahure, ariko kandi bigabanya agaciro kokoresha ibicuruzwa. Nibintu nyamukuru bitera kumeneka no kwangirika kwikirahure. Itandukaniro riri hagati yo kwaguka kwamabuye yikirahure hamwe nikirahure kizengurutse ni ngombwa, ni nako guhangayikishwa kwaho, bigabanya cyane imbaraga za mashini hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro wibicuruzwa, ndetse bigatuma ibicuruzwa bivunika. Cyane cyane iyo coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwamabuye ari munsi yikirahure gikikije, imihangayiko ikabije iba igaragara imbere yikirahure, kandi ibice bya radiyo bikunze kugaragara. Mubicuruzwa byibirahure, amabuye mubisanzwe ntabwo yemerewe kubaho, bityo rero tugomba kugerageza uko dushoboye kugirango tuyakureho. Ingano yamabuye ntabwo ari nto, zimwe ni inshinge nkibibara byiza, kandi zimwe zishobora kuba nini nkamagi cyangwa ibice. Bimwe muribyo bishobora gutahurwa nijisho ryambaye ubusa cyangwa ikirahure kinini, kandi bimwe bishobora kumenyekana neza na microscope optique cyangwa na microscope ya electron. Kuberako amabuye ahora ahura nikirahure cyamazi, akenshi aba aherekejwe na nodules, imirongo cyangwa imvururu.

Ububabare no kubabara nodal (ibirahuri birimo)

Ibirahuri bya heterogeneous mubirahuri byitwa ibirahuri (imirongo n'amapfundo). Ninenge zisanzwe mubirahuri inhomogeneity. Baratandukanye numubiri wikirahure mubigize imiti nibiranga umubiri (indangagaciro zivunika, ubucucike, ubukonje, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kwagura ubushyuhe, imbaraga za mashini ndetse rimwe na rimwe ibara).

Kuberako striation na nodule bigaragarira mubyiciro bitandukanye kumubiri wa vitreous, intera iri hagati ya striation na nodule hamwe nikirahure ntisanzwe, byerekana kwinjirana bitewe no gutemba cyangwa gusenyuka kwa fiziki. Ikwirakwizwa imbere yikirahure cyangwa hejuru yikirahure. Byinshi muribi, bimwe bifite umurongo cyangwa fibrous, rimwe na rimwe bigasohoka nkigice cya kelp. Imirongo imwe nimwe itagaragara mumaso kandi irashobora kuboneka mugusuzuma ibikoresho. Ariko, ibi ntibyemewe mubirahuri bya optique. Kubicuruzwa rusange byibirahure, urwego runaka rwo kudahuza rushobora kwemererwa bitagize ingaruka kumikorere yabo. Nodule ni ubwoko bwikirahure kidafite imiterere nigitonyanga. Mubicuruzwa, bigaragara muburyo bwa granule, guhagarika cyangwa igice. Imirongo hamwe na arthralgia birashobora kutagira ibara, icyatsi cyangwa igikara kubera impamvu zitandukanye.