Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryubumenyi nubuhanga bugezweho, ibisabwa mubikoresho bishya byubuhanga biri hejuru kandi murwego rwo hejuru mu buhanga buhanitse nk'inganda za elegitoroniki, inganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi, icyogajuru n'itumanaho rigezweho. Nkuko twese tubizi, ibikoresho bya ceramic yubuhanga (bizwi kandi nkububiko bwububiko) byakozwe nubuhanga bugezweho nibikoresho bishya byubuhanga kugirango bihuze niterambere nogukoresha tekinoloji igezweho. Kugeza ubu, ibaye ibikoresho bya gatatu byubuhanga nyuma yicyuma na plastiki. Ibi bikoresho ntabwo bifite aho bihurira gusa, birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, birwanya ruswa, birwanya kwambara nibindi bintu bidasanzwe, ariko kandi bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya imirasire, inshuro nyinshi hamwe n’umuriro mwinshi hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho by’amashanyarazi, kimwe nijwi, urumuri, ubushyuhe, amashanyarazi , magnetique na biologiya, ubuvuzi, kurengera ibidukikije nibindi bidasanzwe. Ibi bituma ubwo bukorikori bukoreshwa cyane mubijyanye na electronics, microelectronics, amakuru ya optoelectronic namakuru agezweho, kugenzura byikora nibindi. Biragaragara, muburyo bwose bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike, tekinoroji yo gufunga ibikoresho byubutaka nibindi bikoresho bizafata umwanya wingenzi cyane.
Gufunga ibirahuri na ceramic ni inzira yo guhuza ibirahuri na ceramique muburyo bwose hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rikwiye. Muyandi magambo, ibirahuri nibice bya ceramic ukoresheje tekinoroji nziza, kuburyo ibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye byahujwe mubintu bidasa bihujwe, kandi bigatuma imikorere yayo yujuje ibisabwa muburyo bwimiterere yibikoresho.
Ikidodo hagati yubutaka nikirahure cyatejwe imbere mumyaka yashize. Imwe mumikorere yingenzi ya tekinoroji yo gufunga ni ugutanga uburyo buhendutse bwo gukora ibice byinshi. Kuberako gukora ubukorikori bugarukira kubice nibikoresho, ni ngombwa cyane guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryiza. Ubukorikori bwinshi, ndetse no ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, nabwo bugaragaza ibiranga ibikoresho byoroshye, bityo rero biragoye cyane gukora ibice byimiterere bigoye binyuze muburyo bwo guhindura ibumba ryinshi. Muri gahunda zimwe ziterambere, nka gahunda ya moteri yubushyuhe yateye imbere, ibice bimwe birashobora gukorwa hifashishijwe gutunganya imashini, ariko biragoye kugera kumusaruro mwinshi kubera imbogamizi zihenze kandi bigoye gutunganya. Nyamara, tekinoroji yo gufunga farashi irashobora guhuza ibice bitagoranye muburyo butandukanye, ibyo ntibigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gutunganya, ahubwo binagabanya amafaranga yo gutunganya. Urundi ruhare rwingenzi rwa tekinoroji ya kashe ni ukunoza ubwizerwe bwimiterere yubutaka. Ubukorikori ni ibikoresho byoroshye, biterwa cyane nubusembwa, Mbere yuko imiterere igoye ibaho, biroroshye kugenzura no kumenya inenge yibice byoroheje byoroshye, bishobora kuzamura cyane kwizerwa kwibice.
Uburyo bwo gufunga ibirahuri na ceramic
Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko butatu bwo gufunga ceramic: gusudira ibyuma, gusudira icyiciro gikomeye cyo gusudira hamwe no gusudira ibirahuri bya oxyde （1) Gusudira ibyuma bifatika ni uburyo bwo gusudira no gufunga neza hagati ya ceramic nikirahure hamwe nicyuma gisubiza hamwe nugurisha. Ibyo bita ibyuma bikora bivuga Ti, Zr, HF nibindi. Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bya elegitoronike ntabwo byuzuye. Kubwibyo, ugereranije nibindi byuma, bifite ubuzima bwiza. Ibyo byuma bifite aho bihurira cyane na oxyde, silikatike nibindi bintu, kandi biroroshye cyane okiside mubihe rusange, kubwibyo byitwa ibyuma bikora. Muri icyo gihe, ibyo byuma na Cu, Ni, AgCu, Ag, nibindi bikora hagati yubushyuhe buri munsi yubushyuhe bwabyo, kandi ibyo bintu bishobora guhuzwa neza hejuru yikirahure nubutaka bwubushyuhe bwinshi. Kubwibyo, gufunga ibirahuri na ceramique birashobora kurangizwa neza ukoresheje zahabu itagaragara kandi iturika.
.
(3) Ugurisha ibirahuri akoreshwa mu gufunga ikirahuri hamwe na farufari yinyama.
Gufunga ikirahuri cyagurishijwe
. Urundi rufunguzo ni uko ikirahuri cyatoranijwe kigomba guhanagurwa neza hamwe nikirahure na ceramic mugihe cyo gufunga, kandi ibice bifunze (ikirahure na ceramic) ntibigomba kugira ubushyuhe bwumuriro, Hanyuma, ibice byose nyuma yo gufunga bigomba kugira imbaraga runaka.
. ku guturika kw'ibice bya farashi.
. Iyo imashanyarazi kama ikoreshwa nka binder, inzira yo gufunga idatoranijwe neza, karubone izagabanuka kandi ikirahuri cyagurishijwe kizirabura. Byongeye kandi, iyo bifunze, ibishishwa kama bizangirika, kandi gaze yangiza ubuzima bwabantu izarekurwa. Noneho, hitamo amazi meza ashoboka.
(4) Ubunini bwumuvuduko wigurisha ikirahuri gisanzwe ni 30 ~ 50um. Niba umuvuduko ari muto cyane, niba ikirahuri cyinshi cyane, imbaraga zo gufunga zizagabanuka, ndetse na gaze yikiyaga izabyara. Kuberako isura yanyuma idashobora kuba indege nziza, umuvuduko ni munini cyane, ugereranije ubunini bwikigero cyikirahure cyamakara biratandukanye cyane, bizanatera kwiyongera kwingutu zifatika, ndetse bigatera no gucika.
. ni ukwirinda kumeneka igice cyose nikirahure bitewe nubushyuhe butaringaniye bitewe nubushyuhe bwihuse mugihe ubunini bwigice cyose nigice cyikirahure ari kinini. Mugihe ubushyuhe bwiyongereye kubushyuhe bwambere bwuwagurishije, ikirahuri cyagurishijwe gitangira gusohoka. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gufunga, igihe kirekire cyo gufunga, hamwe nibicuruzwa biva hanze bifite akamaro mukuzamura imbaraga zo gufunga, ariko ubukana bwumwuka buragabanuka. Ubushyuhe bwo gufunga ni buke, igihe cyo gufunga ni kigufi, ibirahuri ni binini, ubukana bwa gaze ni bwiza, ariko imbaraga zo gufunga ziragabanuka, Byongeye kandi, umubare wa analyite ugira ingaruka no ku murongo wo kwagura umurongo w’ikirahure cyagurishijwe. Kubwibyo, kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwa kashe, usibye guhitamo ikirahuri cyagurishijwe gikwiye, uburyo bwo gushyiramo ikimenyetso hamwe nuburyo bwo gufunga bigomba kugenwa ukurikije isura yikizamini. Mugihe cyo gufunga ibirahuri hamwe nubutaka bwa ceramic, ibisobanuro bya kashe nabyo bigomba guhinduka ukurikije ibiranga ibirahuri bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-18-2021