Ikirahure cyuzuye

Guhindura neza (inkono)

Guhindura optique, bizwi kandi nka "ndetse na spot", ni bine bito birwanya hejuru yikirahure. Imiterere yacyo iroroshye kandi izengurutse, ifite diameter ya 0.06 ~ 0.1mm n'ubujyakuzimu bwa 0.05mm. Ubu bwoko bw'inenge bwangiza ubwiza bwa kirahure kandi butuma ishusho yikintu igaragara yijimye, bityo nanone yitwa "urumuri rwambukiranya urumuri".

Inenge ya optique ya optique iterwa ahanini na kondegene ya SnO2 na sulfide. Okiside ya Stannous irashobora gushonga mumazi kandi ifite ihindagurika ryinshi, mugihe sulfide itangaje ihindagurika cyane. Imyuka yabo iragenda yegeranya buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe buke. Iyo yegeranije kurwego runaka, bitewe ningaruka cyangwa kunyeganyega kwimyuka yumwuka, okiside yegeranye cyangwa okiside ya sulfide izagwa hejuru yikirahure kidakomeye rwose kandi kigakora inenge. Byongeye kandi, ibyo bikoresho byamabati birashobora kandi kugabanuka kumabati yicyuma kugabanya ibice bigize gaze ikingira, kandi ibitonyanga byamabati nabyo bizana inenge yibirahure. Iyo amabati avanze ibibara hejuru yikirahure ku bushyuhe bwinshi, hazavamo utuzu duto hejuru yikirahure kubera guhindagurika kwibi bintu.

Inzira nyamukuru zo kugabanya inenge ya optique ni ukugabanya umwanda wa ogisijeni n’umwanda wa sulfuru. Umwanda wa ogisijeni ukomoka ahanini ku mwuka wa ogisijeni hamwe n’umwuka w’amazi muri gaze ikingira hamwe na ogisijeni yamenetse kandi ikwirakwizwa mu mabati. Tin oxyde irashobora gushonga mumabati yamazi hanyuma igahinduka gaze ikingira. Okiside iri muri gaze ikingira irakonje kandi irundarundarunda hejuru yububiko bwa tin kandi igwa hejuru yikirahure. Ikirahuri ubwacyo nacyo gituruka ku mwanda wa ogisijeni, ni ukuvuga ko ogisijeni yashonze mu mazi y’ikirahure izahungira mu bwogero bw’amabati, nayo izahindura okiside amabati, kandi imyuka y’amazi hejuru yikirahure izinjira mu kibanza cyo kwiyuhagiriramo. , nayo ikongera igipimo cya ogisijeni muri gaze.

Umwanda wa sufuru niwo wonyine uzanwa mu bwogero bwa tin ukoresheje ikirahure cyashongeshejwe iyo hakoreshejwe azote na hydrogen. Hejuru yikirahure, hydrogène sulfide irekurwa muri gaze muburyo bwa hydrogène sulfide, ifata amabati ikora sulfide itangaje; Ku buso bwo hasi bw'ikirahure, sulfure yinjira mu mabati y’amazi kugira ngo ikore sulfide itangaje, ishonga mu mabati y’amazi kandi ihindagurika muri gaze ikingira. Irashobora kandi kwiyegeranya no kwegeranya hejuru yubutaka bwa tin yo koga hanyuma ikagwa hejuru yikirahure kugirango ibe ibibara.

Kubwibyo, kugirango hirindwe ko habaho inenge zihari, birakenewe gukoresha gazi ikingira umuvuduko mwinshi kugirango isukure kanseri ya okiside na sulfide sub couple hejuru yubwogero bwamabati kugirango igabanye ihinduka ryiza.

Shushanya (abrasion)

Igishushanyo hejuru yumwanya uhamye w isahani yumwimerere, igaragara ubudahwema cyangwa rimwe na rimwe, ni imwe mu nenge zigaragara zisahani yumwimerere kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere yicyapa cyambere. Yitwa gushushanya cyangwa gushushanya. Ninenge ikozwe hejuru yikirahure hamwe na annealing roller cyangwa ikintu gityaye. Niba igishushanyo kigaragara hejuru yikirahure, birashobora guterwa ninsinga zishyushya cyangwa thermocouple igwa kumyenda yikirahure mugice cyinyuma cyogeswa amabati cyangwa mugice cyo hejuru cyitanura rya annealing; Cyangwa hari inyubako ikomeye nkikirahure kimenetse hagati yicyapa cyanyuma nikirahure. Niba igishushanyo kigaragara hejuru yubutaka, birashobora kumeneka ibirahuri cyangwa izindi prism zometse hagati yisahani yikirahure nu musozo wogesheje amabati, cyangwa umukandara wikirahure ukanyerera hejuru ya tin ellipsoid isohoka kubera ubushyuhe buke bwo hanze cyangwa urwego ruto rwamazi, cyangwa hari ikirahure kimenetse munsi yumukandara wikirahure mugice cya mbere cya annealing, nibindi. Ikirenzeho, dukwiye guhanagura ibirahuri hamwe nibindi bisigazwa hejuru yikirahure kugirango tugabanye ibishushanyo.

Sub scratch ni igishushanyo hejuru yikirahuri cyatewe no guterana amagambo mugihe ihererekanyabubasha rihuye nikirahure. Ubu bwoko bw'inenge buterwa ahanini no kwanduza cyangwa inenge hejuru yuruziga, kandi intera iri hagati yazo ni umuzenguruko wa roller. Munsi ya microscope, buri gishushanyo kigizwe nuduce duto kugeza kuri magana, kandi hejuru yurwobo ni shitingi. Mugihe gikomeye, ibice bishobora kugaragara, ndetse bigatera isahani yumwimerere kumeneka. Impamvu nuko uruzinduko rwumuntu ku giti cye cyangwa umuvuduko bidahuje, guhindura imiterere, gukurura hejuru cyangwa kwanduza. Igisubizo nugusana mugihe cyameza ya roller no gukuraho umwanda uri muri ruhago.

Uburyo bwa Axial nabwo ni bumwe mu busembwa bwikirahure bwibirahure, byerekana ko ubuso bwisahani yumwimerere bugaragaza ibibanza byerekana, byangiza ubuso bworoshye no kohereza urumuri rwikirahure. Impamvu nyamukuru yuburyo bwa axle nuko isahani yumwimerere idakomeye rwose, kandi umugozi wa asibesitosi urahuza. Iyo ubu bwoko bwinenge bukomeye, bizanatera ibice kandi bitume isahani yumwimerere iturika. Inzira yo gukuraho igishushanyo ni ugushimangira gukonjesha isahani yumwimerere no kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gukora.