Ubwoko bwa Liquor

Harimo Liqueur, byeri, vino, Liqueur nibindi binyobwa birimo inzoga zitandukanye. Inzoga zikorwa na fermentation, inzira umusemburo ugabanya isukari mumazi anywa yitwa Ethanol.

Ibigize Ethanol biri hagati ya 0.5% na 75.5%, kandi birimo intungamubiri nibigize uburyohe. Hano ku isi hari ibihumbi icumi byubwoko butandukanye bwa divayi, kandi ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mugukora vino nibisindisha bya vino nabyo biratandukanye cyane. Mu rwego rwo koroshya gusobanukirwa no kwibuka, abantu babashyira muburyo butandukanye. Niba divayi ishyizwe mubikorwa ukurikije ibikoresho byakozwe, irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro birindwi: vino yintete, ibirungo na vino y'ibyatsi, vino yimbuto, amata na divayi yamagi, vino serus, ibyatsi na vino ivanze.

Ukurikije ibikoresho fatizo, divayi yatunganijwe mu mahanga irashobora kugabanywamo brandi, whisky, chivas na rum.

1. Brandy: brandi ni vino isembuye, ivanze ikozwe mu mbuto. Brandy, nkuko bisanzwe bizwi, ni vino ikozwe mu nzabibu na fermentation na redistillation. Kandi izindi mbuto nkibikoresho fatizo, binyuze muburyo bumwe bwo gukora vino, akenshi imbere ya brandi hamwe nizina ryibikoresho mbuto byimbuto kugirango bitandukanye ubwoko bwabyo. Brandy bakunze kwitwa "ubugingo bwa vino". Hariho ibihugu byinshi bitanga brandi kwisi, ariko brandi ikorerwa mubufaransa niyo izwi cyane.

Ibirango bizwi cyane bya cognac birimo remy Martin, hennessy, camus na impongo zumwami.

Brandy, ukomoka ku ijambo ry'Ubuholandi Brandewijn, risobanura “vino yatwitse”. Mubisobanuro bigufi, bivuga fermentation yinzabibu nyuma yo kuyitobora no kubona inzoga nyinshi, hanyuma ububiko bwa oak barrel na vino. Brandy ni vino itoboye, hamwe n'imbuto nk'ibikoresho fatizo, nyuma yo gusembura, gusya, guteka. Divayi ivanze n'inzabibu nkibikoresho byitwa grape grandy, bakunze kuvuga ko ari brandi, bivuga imizabibu. Kubindi bikoresho byimbuto mbuto muri brandi, bigomba kongeramo izina ryimbuto, pome ya pome, cheri brandi, ariko gukundwa kwabo ni kure cyane kuruta iyambere.

Brandy bakunze kwitwa "ubugingo bwa vino". Hariho ibihugu byinshi bitanga brandi kwisi, ariko brandi ikorerwa mubufaransa niyo izwi cyane. Kandi muri brandi yubufaransa bwakorewe murugo, tanga umusaruro hamwe na cognac cyane cyane nziza cyane, utange umusaruro wa arwen yi ubutaha (yamanek) ahantu. Usibye ibirahuri by'Abafaransa, ibindi bihugu bitanga divayi, nka Espagne, Ubutaliyani, Porutugali, Amerika, Peru, Ubudage, Afurika y'Epfo, Ubugereki n'ibindi bihugu, nabyo bitanga uburyo butandukanye bwa brandi. Ibihugu bya Cis byabyaye brandi, ubuziranenge nabwo nibyiza cyane.

Inkomoko yamateka

Brandy ni imwe muri divayi y'amahanga. Icyitwa divayi yamahanga mubyukuri bivuze vino yuburengerazuba. Brandy nijambo ryu Buholandi risobanura vino yatwitse. Amato yo mu Buholandi yatwaraga umunyu ku nkombe y’Ubufaransa mu kinyejana cya 13 yazanye divayi mu karere ka cognac y’Ubufaransa mu bihugu bihana imbibi n’inyanja y’amajyaruguru, aho byari bizwi cyane. Mu kinyejana cya 16, ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro wa divayi n'urugendo rurerure mu nyanja byari byatumye divayi y'Abafaransa idahungabana kandi idasanzwe. Muri iki gihe, abacuruzi b'Abadage b'abanyabwenge bakoresha iyo divayi nk'ibikoresho fatizo, bitunganyirizwa mu nzabibu za divayi, iyo myuka itavunitse ntizangirika no gutwara ingendo ndende gusa, kandi kubera ubwinshi bwinshi butuma ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa, kugurisha divayi divayi byiyongera buhoro buhoro , Abadage muri sharan bazashyirwaho nakarere k’ibikoresho byo gusya byateye imbere buhoro buhoro, Abafaransa batangira gusobanukirwa n’ikoranabuhanga rya distillation, niterambere ryarwo nka divillation ya kabiri, ariko muri iki gihe inzabibu za divayi ntizifite ibara, icyo bita ubu umwimerere wa brandi yatandukanijwe.

Mu 1701, Ubufaransa bwagize uruhare mu ntambara na Espanye. Muri kiriya gihe, igurisha ryinzabibu ryarasenyutse kandi ububiko bunini bwagombaga kubikwa muri barrale. Nyuma yintambara, abantu basanze brandi yabitswe muri salle ya oak ari nziza rwose, yoroheje iryoshye, ihumura neza, ibara risobanutse neza, zahabu ya amber, nziza cyane kandi nziza. Kuri ubu, byakozwe na prototype yubuhanga bwo gukora ibicuruzwa - fermentation, distillation, ububiko, nabwo bwashizeho urufatiro rwiterambere rya brandi.

Brandy yatangiriye mu Bufaransa, mu kinyejana cya 12 nyuma ya Yesu, umusaruro wa cognac wa divayi wagurishijwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi, amato y’abacuruzi b’amahanga bakunze kuza ku cyambu cya charende kugira ngo bagure vino yayo. Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 16 rwagati, kugira ngo byoroherezwe kohereza divayi mu mahanga, kugabanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu kirere kandi bikenerwa n’umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, ariko nanone birinda kubera ko urugendo rurerure rwo gutwara divayi rwangirika, cognac Abacuruzi ba divayi mumujyi wa divayi bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze nyuma yo kubitandukanya, hanyuma amazi yo mu ruganda yakira yagabanutse kugurishwa. Iyi divayi yatoboye izwi nka brandy yo hambere yubufaransa. Muri icyo gihe, Abadage bise “Brandewijn,” bisobanura ngo “Divayi yatwitse.”

Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, utundi turere two mu Bufaransa twatangiye gukurikiza uburyo bwa cognac bwo gutandukanya divayi, maze Ubufaransa bukwirakwira buhoro buhoro mu bihugu byose bitanga divayi mu Burayi ndetse no ku isi hose.

Mu 1701, Ubufaransa bwagize uruhare mu "ntambara yo kuzungura kwa Espagne" kandi na brandi y'Abafaransa nayo yarabujijwe. Abacuruzi bagombaga kubika brandi neza muriki gihe. Bakoresha umujyi wa cognac ikungahaye cyane kugirango bakore ibiti bya oak, brandi yabitswe mubiti. Intambara irangiye mu 1704, abakora divayi batunguwe no kubona ko brandi itagira ibara yahindutse ibara ryiza rya amber. Kuva icyo gihe, igiti cya oak ingunguru yo gusaza, cognac yabaye inzira yingenzi yo gukora. Ubu buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, nabwo bukwira isi vuba vuba.

Nyuma ya 1887, Ubufaransa bwahinduye ibipfunyika bya brandi byoherejwe hanze biva mubiti bikozwe mu biti bihinduka ibisanduku by'ibiti n'amacupa. Hamwe nogutezimbere ibicuruzwa bipfunyika, ibiciro bya cognac nabyo byiyongereye, kwiyongera kugurishwa. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, buri mwaka ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigurishwa bigera kuri miliyoni 300.

2. Whisky: whisky ni ikinyobwa gisindisha gikozwe mu ngano gusa. Ni inzoga zuzuye. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa nkibinyobwa fatizo byo kuvanga, muri byo harimo whiski izwi cyane kandi ihagarariwe ni scotch whisky, whisky yo muri Irlande, whisky y'Abanyamerika na whisky yo muri Kanada.

Ibyamamare bya whisky birimo Jim beam, roza enye, ifarashi yera, Turukiya yo mu gasozi, sarki sark, abakora mar na johnnie walker

Inkomoko yamateka

Kugeza mu 2014, inkomoko ya whisky ntiramenyekana, ariko biragaragara ko whisky imaze imyaka irenga 500 ikorerwa muri otcosse kandi muri rusange ifatwa nkaho yavukiye whiski zose.

Ishyirahamwe rya Scotch Whisky rivuga ko Scotch Whisky yavuye mu binyobwa byitwa Uisge Beatha, bisobanura “amazi y'ubuzima.”

Scotch whisky mu kinyejana cya 15, cyane nkumuti ukonje.

Mu kinyejana cya 11, abihayimana bo muri Irilande bageze muri otcosse kugira ngo bakwirakwize Ubutumwa Bwiza, bazana na disillation ya scotch whisky.

Mu 1780 hari inzoga umunani zemewe n'amategeko, ugereranije na divayi zirenga 400 zitemewe. Bagombaga guca inguni kugirango babigire, kandi izina rya scotch whisky ryarushagaho kwiyongera.

Mu 1823, inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza yashyizeho itegeko ry’imisoro kugira ngo hashyizweho uburyo bworoshye bw’imisoro ku banywa ibicuruzwa byemewe mu gihe “bahagarika” cyane inzoga zitemewe, zateje imbere cyane iterambere ry’inganda za whisky.

Mu 1831, inkingi iracyatangizwa muri otcosse, yashoboraga gutoborwa ubudahwema, bikongerera cyane imikorere ya distillation, bityo bikagabanya igiciro cya whiski kandi bikamenyekana cyane.

3. Chivas: chivas izwi kwisi yose ni premium scotch whisky izwi cyane. Ni uruvange rwa whisky, nibyiza bya whisky nziza - yoroheje kandi yoroshye, uburyo budasanzwe, budasanzwe. Hamwe nimiterere yayo ikungahaye, idasanzwe hamwe namateka maremare yimyaka irenga 200, chivas ibaye primaire izwi cyane ya premium scotch whisky.

Ibirango bizwi cyane bya chivas birimo vodka vodka, ikirango gitukura cyabasoviyete stolichnaya, finlandia, absolut absolute muri Suwede, ingagi yumukara mu Bufaransa, polish igiti cyitwa shelegi beveldere, van gogh yu Buholandi na Nouvelle-Zélande munsi ya dogere 42 42below

Chivas chivas, yashinzwe mu 1801 i Aberdeen, muri otcosse, niyo yambere itanga isi ku isi ikora whiski ivanze kandi ikaba yarakoze ibintu bitatu bya whiski. Abashinze ni James na John chivas.

Azwi nkuwashinze “ivuka rya malayika”, abavandimwe James chivas na John chivas chivas ni bo babaye aba mbere mu gukora chivas chivas, ikirango kigereranya whisky yoroheje, idasanzwe kandi idasanzwe. Chivas chivas 18 - umwaka whisky ishingiye kumigenzo ya chivas chivas. Kugirango ugaragaze ubuziranenge bwayo budasanzwe, buri gacupa ka chivas chivas yimyaka 18 ya scotch whisky yanditseho umukono wa Colin Scott muri zahabu, nubuhamya bwa whisky ya bakire, abanyacyubahiro kandi beza.

Chivas regal nicyamamare cya scotch premium whisky kwisi. Isosiyete ya chivas regal yashinzwe i Aberdeen, muri otcosse mu 1801 n'abavandimwe James na John chivas regal.

Inkomoko yamateka

Chivas regal, uhagarariye whisky ivanze, afitanye umubano wa hafi numuryango wibwami wubwongereza. Yatangiye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, igihe abavandimwe babiri, James “chivas” na “John” chivas, bayoboraga iduka ricururizwamo ibiribwa mu mujyi wa Aberdeen urimo abantu benshi ku nkombe za Scotland mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba. Bavumbuye ubuhanga bwo kuvanga uburyohe bwinshi bwa vino nibanga ryo kubika vino muri barrale. Mu gatasi ko mu 1842, umwamikazi Victoria yasuye bwa mbere muri otcosse maze akunda ibyiza nyaburanga na whisky.

Ikirangirire muri seriveri ya chivas, "salute yumwami 21 whisky", cyakozwe mu 1953 kugirango bizihize kwimikwa kwumwamikazi Elizabeth ii. Izina rikomoka kumigenzo ya kera yingabo zumwami zirasa salut yimbunda 21 murwego rwo hejuru. Uburemere bwindamutso yumwami bugaragarira muguhitamo gukabije ibigega bya oak kubinyobwa. Icya mbere, igomba kuba ikomeye bihagije kugirango imare igihe kirekire. Icya kabiri, igomba kuba yarimo sheri ya Espagne cyangwa bourbon y'Abanyamerika. Icy'ingenzi ni uko divayi imaze imyaka nibura 21, kandi umwanda uri muri divayi utwarwa n'umwuka mwiza unyuze mu mwuka wa oak, mu gihe whisky nayo ikurura impumuro ya oak.

Nyuma yimyaka 21, inzoga zaragabanutse kugera kuri 60 ku ijana gusa byumwimerere, kandi harakenewe uruvange rwihariye rwibintu kugirango habeho indamutso yumwami ikungahaye kandi igoye. Niba utangiye gusa na whisky ukaba ushaka ikintu cyoroshye kumenyera, CHIVAS REGEL rwose iri kurutonde. Iyi 12 - yimyaka - ivanze na whisky ifite imiterere yoroshye nuburyo bworoshye. Whisky utazi ibya CHIVAS REGEL nuwabikoze CHIVAS BROTHERS LTD ni nko kunywa vino yigihugu utazi ibya moutai. Umwe mu bashinze CHIVAS, James CHIVAS yatangiye gukora whisky ye ya mbere ivanze, ROYAL GLEN DEE, mu 1841, aratsinda cyane. Mu 1843, umwamikazi Victoria yamuhaye izina rya “Umutware w'ibiryo kuri nyakubahwa.” Mu bisobanuro bisobanurwa ngo “utanga ibwami,” abavandimwe James na John Chivas bashinze ku mugaragaro Chivas UMUVANDIMWE mu 1857. Bimwe mu bicuruzwa bizwi cyane nka RoyalStrathythan na Loch Nevis, byatangiye kubyazwa umusaruro muri iki gihe. Ahagana mu myaka icumi yanyuma yikinyejana cya 19 nibwo CHIVASBROTHER yatangiye gukora ibicuruzwa byabo bizwi cyane: CHIVAS REGAL.

4. Ibihuha: umwuka wuzuye wakozwe muri molase y'ibisheke, bizwi kandi nk'ibihuha, ibihuha, cyangwa ibihuha. Ukomoka muri Cuba, biraryoshye kandi bihumura kuri palate

Ibihuha, ni isukari y'ibisheke nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo gutanga vino itavanze, izwi kandi nk'isukari, rum, rum. Ukomoka muri Cuba, biraryoshye kandi bihumura kuri palate. Ibihuha ni umutobe usembuye, utoboye wakozwe mubisheke. Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye nuburyo bwo guteka, rum irashobora kugabanywamo: vino yera yera, rum divayi ishaje, rum rum, rum rum kenshi, ibihuha bikomeye nibindi, birimo inzoga 38% kugeza 50%, inzoga amber, igikara, ariko kandi ibara.

Inkomoko yamateka

Inkomoko y'ibihuha iri muri repubulika ya Cuba. Ibihuha ni vino gakondo yo muri Cuba, republika ya Cuba rum ikorwa na shobuja nkibikoresho fatizo byisukari yisukari yisukari ikozwe mubisukari mubibabi byera byera, nyuma yimyaka myinshi itetse neza, bikavamo uburyohe budasanzwe, butagereranywa , bityo uhinduke ikinyobwa gikunzwe cyane. Ibihuha nibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikozwe mubisukari. Igikorwa cyose cyo gukora uhereye muguhitamo neza ibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro ukurikiraho wo guswera inzoga, ibisukari byibisheke byashaje, biragenzurwa cyane. Ubwiza bwibihuha biterwa nimyaka ya vino, kuva mumwaka umwe kugeza kumyaka myinshi. Imiterere itatu - nimyaka irindwi, isanzwe igurishwa kumasoko, ifite inzoga zingana na 38 ° na 40 °, kandi ikorwa nta alcool iremereye kugirango ibungabunge impumuro nziza. Amateka ya Cuba rum ni igice cyingenzi cyamateka ya repubulika ya Cuba.

Columbus yaje muri Cuba mu rugendo rwe rwa kabiri muri Amerika. Yazanye imizi y'ibisheke mu birwa bya kanari. Icyari gitunguranye ni uko imizi yasimbuye zahabu yari yaje kuri icyo kirwa, abenegihugu bita Cipango.

Mu nyandiko yanditse yo kwibuka Papa Ferdinand na Papa Isabella, hari umuntu wanditse ati: “ibisheke byaciwe byatewe mu butaka umwe umwe hanyuma bikura biba igice kinini.” Ikirere cya Cuba: ubutaka bukungahaye, amazi, n’izuba byatumaga ibihingwa bishya byatewe bikura hafi yabatware b’Ubuhinde, n’ibisheke bikura kuri icyo kirwa.

Ibikoresho bya mbere abahinde bakoresheje mu gukora umutobe wibiti bitwaga La Cunyaya. Nyuma haje uruganda rukora isukari rukoreshwa ninyamaswa (amafarasi ninka), hanyuma uruganda rwisukari hamwe no gukoresha ibikoresho bya hydraulic bifite ingufu nyinshi, amaherezo uruganda rwisukari rugezweho. Imbaraga z'umwimerere zasimbuwe n'abacakara b'abirabura bazanwe muri Afurika kandi zabaye ikintu gikomeye mu iterambere ry'inganda zisukari muri repubulika ya Cuba. Mu 1539, mw'itegeko rya king carlos v, hagaragaye ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byinganda zikora isukari, nk'isukari yera, isukari itavanze, isukari nziza, isukari itunganijwe, isukari, isukari itunganijwe, padiri ya sucrose, ubuki bwa sucrose, nibindi.

Umumisiyonari w’Abafaransa Jean Baptiste Labat 1663-1738 yabonye “abaturage b’abasangwabutaka, abangavu ndetse n’umubare muto w’abatuye iki kirwa mu mibereho yabo ya mbere, bakora ibinyobwa bikomeye kandi bikomeye bivuye mu mutobe w’ibisheke. Nyuma yo kunywa birashobora gushimisha abantu kandi birashobora gukuraho umunaniro. Iki kinyobwa gikozwe na fermentation. Abanyaburayi bamenye ubu buryo kuva mu kinyejana cya 18. Nyuma ya ba rushimusi, abacuruzi baza muri Cuba. Umwe muri bo, Francis. Drake azwi cyane mu kwita ibinyobwa bizwi bishingiye ku bisheke shaoxing Draque.

Abanya Cuba bavuze ko inzoga y'ibisheke, ikozwe mu mutobe w'isukari inzoga zasembuwe, muri Antilles, Kolombiya, Honduras na Mexico bakora shochu, bikozwe muri molase y'ibisheke na fermentation, itandukaniro ni uko repubulika ya Cuba rum isobanutse neza, hamwe na a impumuro nziza, Cuban rum nikintu kiranga umusaruro.

Mu 1791, Cuba yiharije isukari yoherezwa mu Burayi nyuma y’imyivumbagatanyo y’abacakara bo muri Hayiti yangije urusyo.

Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 19, hashyizweho moteri ya parike, guhinga ibisheke hamwe n’uruganda rw’ibihuha byiyongereye muri repubulika ya Cuba, Cuba mu 1837 yashyizeho gari ya moshi, hashyirwaho uruhererekane rw’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, hari aho bihuriye na ikoranabuhanga ryenga inzoga, abakoloni ba Espagne bahisemo gufata ingamba zo guteza imbere cyane inganda z’isukari muri repubulika ya Cuba yemerera kohereza repubulika y’isukari.

Kwinjiza tekinolojiya mishya byahinduye inzira yumusaruro. Cuba itanga inzoga nke - inzoga nziza, yoroshye hamwe nuburyohe burebure. Kunywa ibihuha byabaye igice cyubuzima bwa buri munsi muri Cuba. Abaproducer nyamukuru ni Havana, cardenas, cienfuegos na Santiago DE Cuba. Mulata, San Carlos, Bocoy, Matusalen, club ya Havana, Arechavala na Bacardi bongereye umusaruro ku buryo bugaragara nyuma yuko ba rwiyemezamirimo bo muri Cuba basimbuye divayi zakozwe n'intoki n'umusaruro w'ibyiciro.

Kuva mu 1966 kugeza 1967, ibihuha byose byoherezwa muri Cuba kuva icyo gihe byashyizweho ikimenyetso cyerekana ubuziranenge bwerekana ibimenyetso byerekana ubuziranenge n’ukuri. Hano hari ibirango icyenda byibihuha, nkumukobwa uvanze, Santero… nibindi.