Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zokucoca iglasi, ezinokuthi zishwankathelwe njengokucoca i-solvent, ukufudumeza kunye nokucoca i-radiation, ukucocwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukucoca ukukhutshwa, njl. Ukucoca i-solvent yindlela eqhelekileyo, esebenzisa amanzi, i-asidi ye-dilute okanye i-alkali equkethe i-agent yokucoca, i-solvents e-anhydrous efana ne-ethanol, i-propylene, njl., okanye i-emulsion okanye i-solvent vapor. Uhlobo lwe-solvent esetyenzisiweyo luxhomekeke kubume bokungcola. Ukucoca i-solvent inokohlulwa ibe kukukhuhla, ukuntywiliselwa (kuquka ukucocwa kweasidi, ukucocwa kwealkali, njl. njl.) kunye nokucoca isitshizi somphunga.
Ukukhuhla iglasi
Indlela elula yokucoca iglasi kukuhlikihla umphezulu ngekotoni efunxayo, entywiliselwa kumxube we-silica, utywala okanye i-ammonia. Kukho imiqondiso yokuba amanqaku amhlophe angashiywa kule ndawo, ngoko ke ezi ndawo kufuneka zicocwe ngokucophelela ngamanzi ahlambulukileyo okanye i-ethanol emva kokunyanga. Le ndlela yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokucoca kwangaphambili, eyona nyathelo lokuqala lokucoca inkqubo. Kuphantse ukuba yindlela yokucoca eqhelekileyo yokucima umzantsi we-lens okanye isibuko ngephepha le-lens eligcwele i-solvent. Xa i-fiber yephepha le-lens ikhuhla umphezulu, isebenzisa i-solvent ukuze ikhuphe kwaye isebenzise amandla aphezulu okucheba ulwelo kumasuntswana aqhotyoshelweyo. Ukucoceka kokugqibela kuhambelana ne-solvent kunye nezinto ezingcolileyo kwiphepha le-lens. Iphepha ngalinye lelensi liyalahlwa emva kokuba lisetyenziswe kube kanye ukunqanda ukungcoliseka kwakhona. Umgangatho ophezulu wokucoceka komhlaba unokufezekiswa ngale ndlela yokucoca.
Iglasi yokuntywiliselwa
Ukumanzisa iglasi yenye indlela elula neqhelekileyo yokucoca. Izixhobo ezisisiseko ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca ukucwina isitya esivulekileyo esenziwe ngeglasi, iplastiki okanye insimbi engenasici, egcwele isisombululo sokucoca. Amalungu eglasi anyanzeliswa ngokubumba okanye agxininiswe nge-clamp ekhethekileyo, aze afakwe kwisisombululo sokucoca. Inokushukunyiswa okanye hayi. Emva kokucwiliswa kwexesha elifutshane, ikhutshwe kwisitya, Emva koko yomisa iindawo ezimanzi ngelaphu lekotoni elingangcoliswanga, kwaye uhlolisise ngezixhobo zokukhanyisa intsimi emnyama. Ukuba ukucoceka akuhambelani neemfuno, phinda uphinde udibanise kwi-liquid efanayo okanye esinye isisombululo sokucoca, kwaye uphinde uphinde le nkqubo ingentla.
Ukukha iglasi
Okubizwa ngokuba yi-pickling, kukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlukeneyo e-asidi (ukusuka kwi-asidi ebuthakathaka ukuya kwi-asidi eqinile) kunye nomxube wayo (njengomxube we-Grignard acid kunye ne-sulfuric acid) ukucoca iglasi. Ukuze kuveliswe umgangatho weglasi ecocekileyo, zonke ezinye iiasidi ngaphandle kwe-hydrochloric acid kufuneka zitshiswe ukuya kuma-60 ~ 85 ℃ ukuze zisetyenziswe, kuba i-silica ayilulanga ukunyibilikiswa ngama-asidi (ngaphandle kwe-hydrochloric acid), kwaye kusoloko kukho isilicon ecocekileyo umphezulu weglasi yokuguga. Ubushushu obuphezulu buvumela ukuchithwa kwe-silica. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalise ukuba umxube wokupholisa we-dilution oqulethe i-5% ye-HF, i-33% ye-HNO3, i-2% ye-teepol cationic detergent kunye ne-60% ye-H2O lulwelo olugqwesileyo jikelele lokucoca iglasi kunye ne-silica.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-pickling ayifanelekanga kuzo zonke iiglasi, ngakumbi kwiiglasi ezinomxholo ophezulu we-barium oxide okanye i-lead oxide (njengezinye iiglasi ze-optical). Ezi zinto zinokuvuzwa ngeasidi ebuthathaka ukwenza uhlobo lomphezulu we-silica we-thiopine.
Iglasi ehlanjwe yialkali
Ukucoca iglasi yealkaline kukusebenzisa isisombululo se-caustic soda (isisombululo seNaOH) ukucoca iglasi. Isisombululo se-NaOH sinamandla okunciphisa kunye nokususa igrisi. Igrisi kunye ne-lipid efana nemathiriyeli inokuthi ifakwe i-saponified yi-alkali ukwenza iityuwa ze-lipid ezichasene ne-asidi. Iimveliso zokusabela kwezi zisombululo ezinamanzi zinokuhlanjululwa ngokulula kwindawo ecocekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokucoca inqunyelwe kuluhlu olungcolileyo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kwempahla ngokwayo kuvunyelwe. Iqinisekisa impumelelo yenkqubo yokucoca. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho siphumo esinamandla se-genus kunye ne-leaching effect, eya kuwonakalisa umgangatho womphezulu, Ngoko kufuneka kugwenywe. I-Chemical ionization resistant inorganic and organic glass inokufumaneka kwiisampuli zemveliso yeglasi. Iinkqubo ezilula kunye nezidibeneyo zokucoca ukucwiliswa zisetyenziselwa ukucoca iindawo ezincinci.
Ukucoca kunye nokucoca iglasi ngomphunga
I-Steam degreasing isetyenziselwa ukususa i-oyile engaphezulu kunye neglasi ephukileyo. Ekucocweni kweglasi, isetyenziswa rhoqo njengenyathelo lokugqibela leenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokucoca. I-steam stripper ngokusisiseko iqulunqwe ngumkhumbi ovulekileyo kunye nesixhobo sokufudumeza esisezantsi kunye nenyoka epholileyo yamanzi ejikeleze phezulu. I-fluid yokucoca ingaba yi-isoendoethanol okanye i-oxidized kunye ne-chlorinated carbohydrate. Isinyibilikisi siyamka sibe ngumphunga senze irhasi eshushu enoxinano oluphezulu. I-coil yokupholisa ikhusela ukulahleka kwe-steam, ngoko i-steam inokugcinwa kwisixhobo. Bamba iglasi ebandayo ukuba ihlanjwe ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kwaye ucwilise kwi-steam egxininisiweyo imizuzwana eyi-15 ukuya kwimizuzu embalwa. Irhasi yolwelo lokucoca olucocekileyo lunokunyibilika okuphezulu kwezinto ezininzi. Yenza isisombululo kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo kwiglasi ebandayo kunye ne-drips, kwaye ithathelwe indawo yi-solvent condensing ecocekileyo. Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka de iglasi ifudumale kwaye ayisekho ukujiya. Okukhona ubushushu beglasi buba bukhulu, kokukhona umphunga uqhubeka ujiya ixesha elininzi ukucoca umphezulu omanzi. Ibhanti yeglasi ecocwe yile ndlela inombane ongatshintshiyo, Le ntlawulo kufuneka iphathwe ngomoya ococekileyo we-ionized ukuze uchithe ixesha elide.
Ukuze kuthintelwe umtsalane wamasuntswana othuli emoyeni. Ngenxa yempembelelo yamandla, amasuntswana othuli ancanyathiselwe ngamandla, kwaye ukukhutshwa komphunga kuyindlela ebalaseleyo yokufumana umgangatho ococekileyo ococekileyo. Ukusebenza kokucoca kunokuvavanywa ngokulinganisa i-coefficient ye-friction. Ukongezelela, kukho uvavanyo lwentsimi emnyama, i-angle yoqhagamshelwano kunye nomlinganiselo wokubambelela kwifilimu. La maxabiso aphezulu, nceda ucoce umphezulu.
Ukucoca iglasi ngesitshizi
Ukucoca i-Jet isebenzisa i-shear force eyenziwa yi-fluid ehambayo kwiincinci ezincinci ukutshabalalisa amandla okubambelela phakathi kweengqungquthela kunye nomhlaba. Amasuntswana anqunyanyiswa kulwelo oluqukuqelayo aze asuswe kumphezulu ngolwelo. Ulwelo oludla ngokusetyenziselwa ukucoca i-leaching lungasetyenziselwa ukucoca i-jet. Ngesantya se-jet esiqhubekayo, isisombululo sokucoca sikhulu, amandla amakhulu e-kinetic adluliselwa kwiinqununu ezinamathele. Ukusebenza kokucoca kunokuphuculwa ngokunyusa uxinzelelo kunye nesantya sokuhamba kolwelo oluhambelanayo. Uxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo malunga ne-350 kPa. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezingcono, i-fan nozzle encinci isetyenzisiweyo, kwaye umgama phakathi kwe-nozzle kunye nomphezulu akufanele udlule amaxesha angama-100 obubanzi bombhobho. Inaliti yoxinzelelo oluphezulu yolwelo oluphilayo ibangela iingxaki zokupholisa umphezulu, kwaye ke umphunga wamanzi awulindelwanga ukuba wenze amabala angaphezulu. Le meko ingentla inokuphetshwa ngokutshintsha ulwelo lwe-organic kunye ne-hydrogen okanye ijethi yamanzi ngaphandle kokungcola. Inaliti yolwelo oluxinzelelo oluphezulu yindlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokususa amasuntswana amancinci njenge-5pm. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lomoya okanye inaliti yegesi iyasebenza kwezinye iimeko.
Kukho inkqubo ethile yokucoca iglasi nge-solvent. Kuba xa ucoca iglasi nge-solvent, indlela nganye inomda wayo osebenzayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ngakumbi xa i-solvent ngokwayo ingcolisa, ayisebenzi. Isisombululo sokucoca ngokuqhelekileyo asihambelani nomnye, ngoko ngaphambi kokusebenzisa esinye isisombululo sokucoca, kufuneka sisuswe ngokupheleleyo kumphezulu. Kwinkqubo yokucoca, umyalelo wokucoca isisombululo kufuneka uhambelane neekhemikhali kwaye udibanise, kwaye akukho mvula kwinqanaba ngalinye. Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwisisombululo se-asidi ukuya kwisisombululo se-alkaline, apho kufuneka ihlanjwe ngamanzi acocekileyo. Ukuze utshintshe ukusuka kwisisombululo samanzi kwisisombululo se-organic, i-cosolvent edibeneyo (efana notywala okanye ulwelo olukhethekileyo lokususa amanzi) isoloko ifuneka kunyango oluphakathi. plus
Iikhemikhali ze-corrosives kunye nee-ejenti zokucoca i-corrosive zivumelekile ukuba zihlale phezu komhlaba ixesha elifutshane. Inyathelo lokugqibela lenkqubo yokucoca kufuneka lenziwe ngononophelo olukhulu. Xa unyango olumanzi lusetyenzisiwe, isisombululo sokugqibela sokugungxulwa kufuneka sibe nyulu kangangoko. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kube lula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Ukukhetha eyona nkqubo yokucoca idinga amava. Ekugqibeleni, into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba indawo ecocekileyo ayifanele ishiywe ingakhuselekanga. Ngaphambi kwenyathelo lokugqibela lonyango lokugubungela, kufunwa ngokungqongqo ukugcina kunye nokuhamba ngokufanelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-31-2021