Iziphene zeglasi

isishwankathelo

Ukususela ekuqhutyweni kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungiswa kwebhetshi, ukunyibilika, ukucaciswa, i-homogenization, ukupholisa, ukubunjwa kunye nenkqubo yokusika, ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yenkqubo okanye impazamo yenkqubo yokusebenza iya kubonisa iziphene ezahlukahlukeneyo kwiplate yokuqala yeglasi.

Iziphene zeglasi esicaba ziwunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho weglasi, kwaye zide zichaphazele ngokunzulu ukwenziwa kunye nokulungiswa kweglasi, okanye kubangele inani elikhulu lenkunkuma. Zininzi iintlobo zeziphene kwiglasi ecaba kunye noonobangela bazo. Ngokweziphene ezikhoyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweglasi, inokwahlulwa ibe yiziphene zangaphakathi kunye neziphene zokubonakala. Iziphene zangaphakathi zeglasi zihlala zikhona kumzimba weglasi. Ngokwamazwe abo ahlukeneyo, banokuhlulwa babe ngamacandelo amathathu: iibhubhu (i-gas inclusions), amatye (i-solid inclusions), imivimbo kunye namaqhuqhuva (i-glass inclusions). Iziphene zokubonakala ziveliswa ngokukodwa kwinkqubo yokuqulunqa, i-annealing kunye nokusika, kubandakanywa ne-optical deformation (i-tin spot), i-scratch (i-abrasion), iziphene zokuphela kobuso (i-edge burst, i-concave convex, i-angle engekho), njl.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeziphene, indlela yophando ikwahlukile, xa kukho isiphene kwiglasi, ihlala ifuna ukudlula.

Kuphela ngofundo oludibeneyo lweendlela ezininzi esinokuthi senze isigwebo esichanekileyo. Ngesiseko sokufumanisa izizathu, amanyathelo angexesha kufuneka athathwe

Imilinganiselo yenkqubo esebenzayo yokuthintela iziphene ziqhubeka zisenzeka.

Ibhaqa

I-Bubbles kwiglasi i-gas inclusions ebonakalayo, engachaphazeli nje umgangatho wokubonakala kweemveliso zeglasi, kodwa ichaphazela ukucaca kunye namandla omatshini weglasi. Ke ngoko, luhlobo lwe-vitreous defect ekulula ukutsala umdla wabantu.

Ubungakanani beqamza busuka kwizishumi ezimbalwa zemilimitha ukuya kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa. Ngokobukhulu. Amaqamza angohlulwa abe ngamaqamza angwevu (ububanzi beSM) kunye nerhasi (ububanzi> 0.8m), kwaye iimilo zabo ziyahlukahlukana, kuqukwa nengqukuva, yegraphical kunye nelayini. Ukuguqulwa kwamaqamza kubangelwa ikakhulu yinkqubo yokwenza imveliso. Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-bubbles kuhluke, kwaye zihlala ziqulethe i-2, i-N2, i-Co, i-CO2, i-SO2, i-hydrogen oxide kunye negesi yamanzi.

Ngokwezizathu ezahlukeneyo zamaqamza, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamaqamza aphambili (amaqamza ashiyekileyo ebhetshi), amaqamu esibini, amaqamza omoya angaphandle, amaqamza aphikisayo kunye namaqamza abangelwa yintsimbi yentsimbi njalo njalo. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kukho izizathu ezininzi zeebhubhu kwiimveliso zeglasi, kwaye imeko inzima kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo enkqubo yokunyibilika, inyathelo lokuqala kukugweba xa kunye nalapho amaqamza enziwa khona, kwaye emva koko ukufunda izinto eziluhlaza, ukunyibilika kunye nokwenza iimeko, ukuze kubonwe izizathu zokubunjwa kwazo, kwaye amanyathelo ahambelanayo ukuzisombulula.

Uhlalutyo kunye nelitye (ukufakwa okuqinileyo)

Ilitye kukubandakanywa okuqinileyo kwekristale kumzimba weglasi. Isona siphene siyingozi kakhulu kumzimba weglasi, ochaphazela kakhulu umgangatho weglasi. Ayilonakalisi nje ukubonakala kunye ne-homogeneity ye-optical yeemveliso zeglasi, kodwa kunciphisa ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kweemveliso. Yeyona nto iphambili eyenza ukuqhekeka kunye nokulimala kweglasi. Umahluko phakathi kwe-coefficient yokwandiswa kwelitye kunye neglasi ejikelezileyo ibalulekile, ngoko ke uxinzelelo lwengingqi, olunciphisa kakhulu amandla omatshini kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal yemveliso, kwaye kubangele ukuba imveliso iphule. Ngokukodwa xa i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal yelitye ingaphantsi kweglasi ejikelezileyo, uxinzelelo lwe-tensile lwenziwa kwi-interface yeglasi, kwaye i-radial cracks ihlala ibonakala. Kwiimveliso zeglasi, amatye awavumelekanga ukuba abekhona, ngoko kufuneka sizame konke okusemandleni ethu ukuwaphelisa. Ubungakanani bamatye abuncinci, ezinye zinenaliti njengamabala amahle, kwaye ezinye zinokuba zikhulu njengamaqanda okanye amaqhekeza. Ezinye zazo zinokubonwa ngeliso leze okanye ngeglasi yokukhulisa, kwaye ezinye zinokubonwa ngokucacileyo ngemicroscope yokukhanya okanye nge-electron microscope. Ngenxa yokuba amatye ahlala edibana neglasi yamanzi, ahlala ehamba kunye namaqhuqhuva, imigca okanye i-ripples.

Ukuxhatshazwa kunye neentlungu ze-nodal (ukufakwa kweglasi)

I-heterogeneous glass inclusions kumzimba weglasi ibizwa ngokuba yi-glassy inclusions (imivumbo kunye namaqhina). Ziziphene eziqhelekileyo kwi-glass inhomogeneity. Ziyahluke kumzimba weglasi ekubunjweni kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo (isalathisi se-refractive, ubuninzi, i-viscosity, i-tension surface, ukwanda kwe-thermal, amandla omatshini kunye nombala ngamanye amaxesha).

Ngenxa yokuba i-striation kunye ne-nodule ziphuma kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo kumzimba we-vitreous, ujongano phakathi kwe-striation kunye ne-nodule kunye neglasi ayiqhelekanga, ibonisa ukungena okufanayo ngenxa yokuhamba okanye ukuchithwa kwe-physicochemical. Isasazwa ngaphakathi kweglasi okanye kumphezulu weglasi. Uninzi lwazo lune-striated, ezinye zinomgca okanye zine-fibrous, ngamanye amaxesha ziphuma njengeqhekeza le-kelp. Eminye imivimbo emihle ayibonakali ngeso lenyama kwaye inokufumaneka kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwesixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuvumelekanga kwiglasi ye-optical. Kwiimveliso zeglasi ngokubanzi, iqondo elithile lokungalingani lingavunyelwa ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwabo. Iqhuqhuva luhlobo lweglasi engafaniyo enemilo yokuwa kunye nokumila koqobo. Kwiimveliso, kubonakala ngendlela yegranule, ibhloko okanye isiqwenga. Imivimbo kunye ne-arthralgia ayinambala, eluhlaza okanye emdaka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.