Iglasi kunye nokutywinwa kwe-ceramic

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe bale mihla, iimfuno zemathiriyeli yobunjineli ezitsha ziphezulu nangaphezulu kwiinkalo zobugcisa obuphezulu obufana noshishino lwe-elektroniki, ishishini lamandla enyukliya, i-aerospace kunye nonxibelelwano lwangoku. Njengoko sonke sisazi, izixhobo zobunjineli zeseramic (ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-ceramics zolwakhiwo) eziphuhliswe bubuchwephesha bale mihla zizinto ezintsha zobunjineli zokuziqhelanisa nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha banamhlanje obuphezulu. Okwangoku, iye yaba yinto yesithathu yobunjineli emva kwentsimbi kunye neplastiki. Esi sixhobo asinayo kuphela indawo ephezulu yokunyibilika, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nezinye iipropathi ezikhethekileyo, kodwa ikwanokumelana nemitha, ukuphindaphindeka okuphezulu kunye nokufakelwa kwamandla ombane aphezulu kunye nezinye iimpawu zombane, kunye nesandi, ukukhanya, ubushushu, umbane. , magnetic kunye nebhayoloji, unyango, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Oku kwenza ezi ceramics ezisebenzayo zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ze-electronics, i-microelectronics, ulwazi lwe-optoelectronic kunye nonxibelelwano lwanamhlanje, ulawulo oluzenzekelayo kunye nokunye. Ngokucacileyo, kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemveliso ze-elektroniki, itekhnoloji yokutywina yeekeramics kunye nezinye izinto ziya kuba kwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ukutywinwa kweglasi kunye ne-ceramic yinkqubo yokudibanisa iglasi kunye ne-ceramic kwisakhiwo esipheleleyo ngeteknoloji efanelekileyo. Ngamanye amazwi, iinxalenye zeglasi kunye ne-ceramic zisebenzisa iteknoloji elungileyo, ukwenzela ukuba izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zidityaniswe zibe yinto edibeneyo yezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye zenze ukusebenza kwayo kuhlangabezane neemfuno zesakhiwo sesixhobo.

Ukutywinwa phakathi kwe-ceramic kunye neglasi kuye kwaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yamuva nje. Omnye weyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo yokutywina itekhnoloji kukubonelela ngendlela enexabiso eliphantsi lokuvelisa amacandelo amaninzi. Ngenxa yokuba ukubunjwa kweekeramics kunqunyelwe ngamalungu kunye nezixhobo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuhlisa iteknoloji yokutywina esebenzayo. Uninzi lweekeramics, nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu, zikwabonisa iimpawu zemathiriyeli enqabileyo, ngoko ke kunzima kakhulu ukwenza iinxalenye zemilo entsonkothileyo ngokuguqulwa kweeseramics ezixineneyo. Kwezinye izicwangciso zophuhliso, ezifana neplani ye-injini ye-thermal ephuculweyo, ezinye iindawo zinokuveliswa ngokulungiswa koomatshini, kodwa kunzima ukufezekisa imveliso yobuninzi ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kweendleko eziphezulu kunye nobunzima bokucubungula. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji yokutywinwa kwe-porcelain inokudibanisa iindawo ezingenzima kangako kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo, ezinganciphisi kakhulu kuphela iindleko zokusetyenzwa, kodwa zinciphisa nesibonelelo sokusebenza. Enye indima ebalulekileyo yeteknoloji yokutywinwa kukuphucula ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo se-ceramic. I-Ceramics zizinto ezinqabileyo, ezixhomekeke kakhulu kwiziphene, Ngaphambi kokuba imilo eyinkimbinkimbi yenziwe, kulula ukuyihlola kwaye ibone iziphene zamacandelo alula, anokuphucula kakhulu ukuthembeka kwamacandelo.

Indlela yokutywinwa kweglasi kunye ne-ceramic

Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeendlela zokutywinwa kwe-ceramic: i-welding yesinyithi, i-welding yesigaba esiqinileyo kunye ne-oxide yeglasi ye-welding (1) I-welding yentsimbi esebenzayo yindlela yokudibanisa kunye nokutywinwa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwe-ceramic kunye neglasi ngentsimbi esebenzayo kunye ne-solder. Into ebizwa ngokuba yintsimbi esebenzayo ibhekisela kuTi, Zr, HF njalo njalo. Umaleko wabo we-athom ye-elektroniki awugcwaliswanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintsimbi, inokuphila ngakumbi. Ezi zinyithi zinobudlelwane obukhulu beeoksidi, i-silicates kunye nezinye izinto, kwaye zifumaneka ngokulula kwi-oxidized phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ngoko zibizwa ngokuba ziintsimbi ezisebenzayo. Kwangaxeshanye, ezi zinyithi kunye Cu, Ni, AgCu, Ag, etc. zenza intermetallic kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kuneendawo zabo zokunyibilika, kwaye ezi intermetallic inokudityaniswa kakuhle kumphezulu weglasi kunye neeseramikhi kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Ke ngoko, ukutywinwa kweglasi kunye ne-ceramic kunokugqitywa ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa le golide esebenzayo kunye neziqhushumbisi ezihambelanayo.

(2) Ukutywinwa kwesigaba seperipheral yindlela yokuqonda ukutywinwa ngokupheleleyo phantsi koxinzelelo oluthile kunye nobushushu xa iziqwenga ezibini zemathiriyeli yeqela zinxibelelana ngokusondeleyo kwaye zivelise i-deformation ethile yeplastiki, ukuze iiathom zazo zande kwaye zivumelane enye kwenye.

(3) I-solder yeglasi isetyenziselwa ukutywina iglasi kunye ne-porcelain yenyama.

Ukutywinwa kweglasi yesolder

(1) Iglasi, i-ceramic kunye neglasi ye-solder kufuneka ikhethwe njengezixhobo zokutywina kuqala, kwaye i-coefficient yokwandiswa kweenyawo ezithathu kufuneka ihambelane, eyona nto ingundoqo kwimpumelelo yokutywinwa. Esinye isitshixo kukuba iglasi ekhethiweyo kufuneka ifakwe kakuhle ngeglasi kunye ne-ceramic ngexesha lokutywinwa, kwaye iindawo ezitywiniweyo (iglasi kunye ne-ceramic) akufanele zibe ne-thermal deformation, Ekugqibeleni, zonke iindawo emva kokutywinwa kufuneka zibe namandla athile.

2 kugqabhuko-dubulo lwamalungu eporcelain.

(3) Isibophelelo somgubo weglasi yesolder inokuba ngamanzi acocekileyo okanye ezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Xa i-solvents yezinto eziphilayo zisetyenziswa njenge-binder, emva kokuba inkqubo yokutywinwa ingakhethwanga ngokufanelekileyo, ikhabhoni iya kuncitshiswa kwaye iglasi ye-solder iya kuba mnyama. Ngaphezu koko, xa utywinwa, i-solvent ye-organic iya kuchithwa, kwaye igesi eyingozi kwimpilo yabantu iya kukhutshwa. Ngoko ke, khetha amanzi acocekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

(4) Ubukhulu boxinzelelo lweglasi yomaleko weglasi budla ngokuba yi-30 ~ 50um. Ukuba uxinzelelo luncinci kakhulu, ukuba umaleko weglasi unzima kakhulu, amandla okutywinwa aya kuncitshiswa, kwaye nerhasi yeLake iya kuveliswa. Ngenxa yokuba ubuso besiphelo sokutywina abunakuba yeyona nqwelomoya ifanelekileyo, uxinzelelo lukhulu kakhulu, ubukhulu besalathiso somgangatho weglasi yamalahle buyahluka kakhulu, nto leyo eya kubangela ukwanda koxinzelelo lokutywinwa, kwaye kubangele nokuqhekeka.

5 kukuphepha ukuqhekeka kweqhekeza lonke kunye neglasi ngenxa yobushushu obungalinganiyo ngenxa yokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza xa ubungakanani beqhekeza lonke kunye neqhekeza leglasi likhulu. Njengoko iqondo lokushisa linyuka kwiqondo lokushisa lokuqala le-solder, iglasi ye-solder iqala ukugqabhuka. Ubushushu obuphezulu bokutywinwa, ixesha elide lokutywinwa, kunye nomthamo wokuqhambuka kwemveliso kuluncedo ekuphuculeni amandla okutywina, kodwa ukuqina komoya kuyehla. Iqondo lokushisa lokutywina liphantsi, ixesha lokutywina lifutshane, ukubunjwa kweglasi kukhulu, ukuxinwa kwegesi kulungile, kodwa amandla okutywina ayancipha, Ukongeza, inani labahlalutyi lichaphazela i-coefficient yokwandiswa komgca weglasi ye-solder. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wokutywinwa, ngaphezu kokukhetha iglasi ye-solder efanelekileyo, ukucaciswa kokutywinwa okufanelekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokutywinwa kufuneka kunqunywe ngokuhambelana nobuso bovavanyo. Kwinkqubo yeglasi kunye nokutywinwa kwe-ceramic, ukucaciswa kokutywinwa kufuneka kwakhona kulungiswe ngokweempawu zeglasi ezahlukeneyo ze-solder.