Ngo-1994, i-United Kingdom yaqala ukusebenzisa i-plasma ukuhlola ukuncibilika kwengilazi. Ngo-2003, inhlangano yemboni yezamandla nezingilazi yase-United States yenza ukuhlolwa kokuminyana kwechibi elincane lokuncibilika kwengilazi engu-E ye-plasma kanye ne-glass fiber, konga amandla angaphezu kuka-40%. Isikhungo esisha sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bemboni yezamandla yase-Japan siphinde sahlela i-xiangnituo yase-Japan kanye ne-Tokyo University of technology ukusungula ngokuhlanganyela ukuhlolwa kwe-1t/D. Iqoqo lengilazi lancibilika lapho lindiza ngokushisisa iplasma yokungenisa umsakazo. Isikhathi sokuncibilika sasingu-2 ~ 3H kuphela, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwengilazi eqediwe kwakungu-5.75mj/kg. Ngo-2008, i-xiangnituo yenze ukuhlolwa kokuvikela ingilazi ye-soda engu-100t, futhi isikhathi sokuncibilika safinyezwa saba ngu-1/10 wesokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehliswe ngo-50%, Co, No. I-ejensi yezokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe entsha yase-Japan (NEDO) ihlela ukusebenzisa isisombululo sokuhlola ingilazi ye-lime engu-1 t ukuze kuhlanganiswe, ukuncibilika endizeni kuhlanganiswe nenqubo yokucaciswa kwe-decompression, futhi ihlela ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncibilika ku-3767 kJ/kg ingilazi ngo-2012. .
Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa kwengilazi, i-galena ne-red lead yayisetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa ingilazi emlandweni. Ingilazi eholayo eyenziwe nge-galena nomthofu obomvu isobala futhi kulula ukuwenza nokubaza, okungcono kakhulu kunengilazi ye-soda lime. Kwake kwacatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kuyinqubekelaphambili. Kodwa kamuva, abantu bathola kancane kancane ukulimala kokungcoliswa kwengilazi yomthofu. Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwengilazi ye-optical kanye nengilazi yekhwalithi yokuhola, iYurophu yenze uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zezinto zikagesi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi, ingilazi Umthofu wawuvinjelwe kumathoyizi nezinye izinto zokupakisha. I-Mercury, i-cadmium ne-arsenic nayo yavinjelwa. Kusukela ekhulwini le-18 kuya kwele-19, izibuko zengilazi zazinamekwe ngothayela ngemuva engilazini ukuze zibonakale, kodwa zazinobuthi obukhulu. Ngo-1835, kwasetshenziswa isiliva samakhemikhali esikhundleni salokho. Ezikhathini zasendulo, i-arsenic oxide yayisetshenziswa njenge-opacifier ukwenza imikhiqizo ye-jade yokulingisa. Umthelela bekunzima kwamanye ama-opacifier ukuthi awufinyelele. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi bayo, sekuyisikhathi eside kwenqatshelwa ukuthi isetshenziswe njenge-opacifier. Akuzona kuphela iziqukathi zengilazi ezithinta ukudla neziphuzo ezazisetshenziswa njenge-clarifier esikhundleni se-arsenic oxide, kodwa ngisho nengilazi ye-optical nayo yasetshenziselwa ukususa i-arsenic, Ukuthuthukiswa kwengilazi engeyona i-optical kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezingavuseleleki njengezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye amandla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni kwezokuthutha. Uma sithatha i-UK njengesibonelo, ibhodlela ngalinye lengilazi lincishiswa ngo-1/10, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamathani angu-250000 wengilazi kanye namathani angu-180000 we-CO2 emission kuncipha njalo ngonyaka. Izazi zakwamanye amazwe ziphinde zaveza ukuthi izinga lamabhodlela ewayini lehle ngo-1g, kanti i-co ephuma emkhathini nayo yehla ngo-1g. Emkhathini, ukuhamba ngezindiza, ezokuthutha, ukuncishiswa kwezingilazi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokumelana nemisebe, ubukhulu besistimu ye-optical space idinga ukuncishiswa. Isibonelo, i-TiO2 isetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni se-PbO, i-Bao, i-CDO ukuze kulungiswe ingilazi ye-optical enenkomba efanayo ye-refractive. Ukuze kuncishiswe isisindo se-windshield yemoto, i-substrate yengilazi eyisicaba engu-2mm isetshenziselwa ukulungisa ingilazi yokuphepha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekubonisweni kwamaphaneli ayisicaba, lapho ubukhulu bengilazi buncishisiwe busuka ku-2mm ukuya ngaphansi kuka-1.5mm; Ubukhulu besikrini sokuthinta buncishisiwe kusuka ku-0.5mm kuya ku-0.1mm; Ugqinsi lwesibonisi sedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi ephathekayo yehliswa yaba ngu-0.3mm. Ngo-2011, i-Asahi nitzsch yakhiqiza i-alkali yamahhala engu-0.1 mm ngendlela yokuntanta yesikrini esithintwayo, isibonisi sesizukulwane sesibili, ukukhanya nokwelashwa. Ingilazi ezacile kanye nengilazi ezacile kakhulu isetshenziselwa indawo engaphansi nesembozo samaseli elanga kumasathelayithi, imikhumbi-mkhathi kanye nemikhumbi-mkhathi ukuze kongiwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekuqaliseni nasekusebenzeni. Ugqinsi lwe-substrate nepuleti lekhava kuncipha kancane kancane lusuka ku-0,1 mm luye ku-0.008 mm.
Ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlakanipha kwenza uhlobo olufanayo lwemikhiqizo yengilazi ibe nemisebenzi eminingi futhi ibe uhlobo olusha lwezinto eziphelele ezinemisebenzi emibili neningi, okwenza isidingo sangempela sokusebenzisa ingilazi esebenzayo futhi siyiguqule ibe uhlobo lwengilazi esebenzayo. Isibonelo, ingilazi yokwakha ehlakaniphile yesikhathi esizayo inemisebenzi yokufiphalisa okuzenzakalelayo, ukwahlukanisa umsindo, ukuvikela ukushisa, ukuhlanzwa komoya, i-antibacterial kanye nenzalo, futhi ingahlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-photovoltaic (isizukulwane samandla elanga), iqoqo lokushisa kwelanga, i-photocatalytic reaction hydrogen nengilazi. udonga lwamakhethini ukwakha isakhiwo esihlakaniphile esonga amandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinsiza.
I-hybrid yengilazi ne-organic matter isho inhlanganisela yalokhu okubili esikalini se-nano, engaqinisa ukusebenzisana kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, inikeze ukudlala okugcwele kokuqina, ukuqina kobukhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuthambisa kanye nezakhiwo ezishisayo zengilazi, futhi sebenzisa i-shear, ukucutshungulwa okuthambile kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-organic polymer yamangqamuzana amancane, ukuze uthole izinto ezintsha ezingaklanywa, zihlanganiswe, zixutshwe futhi zilungiswe. Imisebenzi emisha yezinto ezixubile ingatholwa ngokukhetha izakhi ezahlukahlukene eziphilayo, njengokwengeza ama-polymers ahambayo ohlelweni lwe-alkoxide yensimbi yenguquko. Izakhiwo zezinto ezixubile zingaklanywa futhi zilungiswe ngenhloso, njengokwengeza odayi bemvelo noma ama-polymers ahlanganiswe nge-p kunethiwekhi yengilazi ukuze kutholwe izinto ezibonakalayo ezinomugqa ukuya kwezingaqondile; Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi lengilazi ye-phosphate encibilikayo ephansi elilungiswe yi-hybridization liphansi njenge-29 ℃.
Ingilazi yendabuko ibuthakathaka, ethinta ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Amandla nokuqiniswa kwengilazi kuwumsebenzi wokucwaninga ophuthumayo. Esikhathini esizayo, sidinga ukuhlola ngokujulile izimbangela zesakhiwo se-microcracks, sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa phezulu, indlela yokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwemifantu, indlela yokuphulukisa imifantu, indlela yokuguqula izici ezingaphezulu zengilazi, nendlela yokuqinisa ingilazi nge-nanostructures. .
Ngokuzayo, ingilazi yendabuko idinga ukuthuthukisa okuqukethwe kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ithuthukise izinga lokusebenzisa izinsiza, futhi iqhubekele ekuthuthukisweni okuluhlaza kanye nemisebenzi eminingi, kusukela ekwandiseni imboni esezingeni eliphansi kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwenani eliphakeme elengeziwe kanye ikhwalithi ephezulu. Ngokuqondene nezinto ezisebenzayo, ezinye izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zengilazi azikwazi ukushintshwa. Ikhulu lama-21 ikhulu leminyaka photonics, futhi ubuchwepheshe photonics ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa photonics ingilazi, okuyinto inethonya elikhulu ekukhiqizeni ulwazi, ukudluliselwa, isitoreji, ukubonisa, isitoreji, isitoreji, isitoreji, isitoreji nokunye Amandla elanga kuyinto ebalulekile. amandla avuselelekayo namandla ahlanzekile, futhi ingilazi iyinto ebalulekile yokukhiqiza amandla elanga, njenge-ultra white glass substrate kanye nesembozo sepuleti yamaseli elanga, ingilazi ye-transparent conductive, ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo se-photovoltaic. Inethuba elibanzi lokufaka isicelo sokuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga nodonga lwamakhethini engilazi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-11-2021