Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje, izidingo zezinto ezintsha zobunjiniyela ziphezulu nangaphezulu emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengemboni ye-elekthronikhi, imboni yamandla enuzi, i-aerospace kanye nokuxhumana kwesimanje. Njengoba sazi sonke, izinto zokwakha ze-ceramic yobunjiniyela (ezaziwa nangokuthi i-ceramics yesakhiwo) ezakhiwe ubuchwepheshe besimanje ziyizinto ezintsha zobunjiniyela ukuze zivumelane nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu besimanje. Njengamanje, isiphenduke into yesithathu yobunjiniyela ngemuva kwensimbi nepulasitiki. Lokhu okuqukethwe akugcini nje ngokuba nephuzu eliphezulu lokuncibilika, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqoka nezinye izinto ezikhethekile, kodwa futhi kunokumelana nemisebe, imvamisa ephezulu kanye nokufakwa kwe-voltage ephezulu nezinye izakhiwo zikagesi, kanye nomsindo, ukukhanya, ukushisa, ugesi. , kazibuthe nebhayoloji, ukwelashwa, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekile. Lokhu kwenza lezi zobumba ezisebenzayo zisetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni we-electronics, microelectronics, ulwazi lwe-optoelectronic kanye nokuxhumana kwesimanje, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo nokunye. Ngokusobala, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, ubuchwepheshe bokuvala uphawu lwe-ceramics nezinye izinto buzothatha isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukubekwa uphawu kwengilazi kanye ne-ceramic kuyinqubo yokuxhuma ingilazi ne-ceramic ibe yisakhiwo sonke ngobuchwepheshe obufanele. Ngamanye amazwi, ingilazi kanye Ceramic izingxenye zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhle, ukuze izinto ezimbili ezahlukene kuhlanganiswe ibe okuhlangene impahla okungafani, futhi wenze ukusebenza kwayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo isakhiwo idivayisi.
Ukubekwa uphawu phakathi kwe-ceramic nengilazi kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva. Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yobuchwepheshe bokubeka uphawu ukuhlinzeka ngendlela engabizi kakhulu yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezinezingxenye eziningi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-ceramics kunqunyelwe izingxenye kanye nezinto zokwakha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokubeka uphawu obusebenzayo. Iningi le-ceramics, ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa, liphinde libonise izici ze-brittle materials, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukwenza izingxenye zomumo oyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwama-ceramics aminyene. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa, njengepulani yenjini eshisayo ethuthukisiwe, ezinye izingxenye ezilodwa zingenziwa ngokucubungula ngomshini, kodwa kunzima ukufeza ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngenxa yezingqinamba zezindleko eziphezulu kanye nobunzima bokucubungula. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-porcelain sealing bungaxhuma izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kancane zibe yizimo ezihlukahlukene, ezingagcini nje ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokucubungula, kodwa futhi kunciphisa imvume yokucubungula. Enye indima ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bokubeka uphawu ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo se-ceramic. I-Ceramics yizinto eziphukayo, ezincike kakhulu emaphutheni, Ngaphambi kokubunjwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kulula ukuhlola nokubona amaphutha ezingxenyeni ezilula zokuma, ezingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kwezingxenye.
Indlela yokuqinisa ingilazi ne-ceramic
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezindlela zokuvala uphawu ze-ceramic: ukushisela insimbi, ukushisela isigaba esiqinile sokusabalalisa kanye ne-oxide glass welding (1) I-Welding yensimbi esebenzayo iyindlela yokushisela nokufaka uphawu ngokuqondile phakathi kwe-ceramic nengilazi ngensimbi esebenzayo kanye ne-solder. Okubizwa ngokuthi insimbi esebenzayo ibhekisela ku-Ti, Zr, HF nokunye. Isendlalelo sabo se-athomu kagesi asigcwaliswanga ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinsimbi, inokuphila okukhudlwana. Lezi zinsimbi zinokuhlobana okukhulu kwama-oxides, ama-silicates nezinye izinto, futhi zifakwa kalula i-oxid ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ngakho zibizwa ngokuthi izinsimbi ezisebenzayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zinsimbi kanye ne-Cu, i-Ni, i-AgCu, i-Ag, njll. zakha i-intermetallic emazingeni okushisa aphansi kunamaphoyinti azo ancibilikayo, futhi lezi zinsimbi zingahlanganiswa kahle ebusweni bengilazi nezitsha zobumba ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuvalwa kwengilazi kanye ne-ceramic kungaqedwa ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa leli golide elisebenzayo kanye neziqhumane ezihambisanayo.
(2) Ukubekwa uphawu kokusabalalisa kwesigaba se-peripheral kuyindlela yokubona ukuvala konke ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethile kanye nezinga lokushisa lapho izingcezu ezimbili zezinto zeqoqo zithintana eduze futhi zikhiqize ukuguqulwa okuthile kwepulasitiki, ukuze ama-athomu azo ande futhi ancinyane.
(3) I-glass solder isetshenziselwa ukuvala ingilazi kanye nobumba lwenyama.
Ukuvalwa kwengilazi ye-solder
(1) Ingilazi yengilazi, i-ceramic kanye ne-solder kufanele ikhethwe njengezinto zokuvala kuqala, futhi i-coefficient yokwandisa unyawo kokuthathu kufanele ihambisane, okuwukhiye oyinhloko wempumelelo yokuvala. Esinye isihluthulelo ukuthi ingilazi ekhethiwe kufanele ifakwe kahle ngengilazi kanye ne-ceramic ngesikhathi sokubekwa uphawu, futhi izingxenye ezivaliwe (ingilazi kanye ne-ceramic) akufanele zibe ne-deformation eshisayo, Ekugcineni, zonke izingxenye emva kokubekwa uphawu kufanele zibe namandla athile.
(2) Ikhwalithi yokucubungula izingxenye: ubuso bokugcina uphawu bezingxenye zengilazi, izingxenye ze-ceramic kanye nengilazi ye-solder kumele kube nokuthambile okuphezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ubukhulu bongqimba lwengilazi ye-solder abuhambisani, okuzobangela ukwanda kokucindezelwa kokuvala, ngisho nomthofu. ekuqhumeni kwezingxenye ze-porcelain.
(3) I-binder ye-solder glass powder ingaba amanzi ahlanzekile noma ezinye izincibilikisi eziphilayo. Lapho ama-organic solvents esetshenziswa njenge-binder, uma inqubo yokuvala ingakhethiwe kahle, ikhabhoni izoncishiswa futhi ingilazi ye-solder izoba mnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kubekwa uphawu, i-solvent ephilayo izobola, futhi igesi eyingozi empilweni yomuntu izokhishwa. Ngakho-ke, khetha amanzi ahlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
(4) Ugqinsi longqimba lwengilazi ye-solder yokucindezela ngokuvamile luyi-30 ~ 50um. Uma ukucindezela kukuncane kakhulu, uma ungqimba lwengilazi lukhulu kakhulu, amandla okuvala azoncishiswa, futhi ngisho negesi yeLake izokhiqizwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ubuso bokugcina uphawu abukwazi ukuba yindiza efanelekile, ingcindezi inkulu kakhulu, ubukhulu obuhlobene bongqimba lwamalahle lwamalahle buhluka kakhulu, okuzophinde kubangele ukwanda kokucindezeleka kokuvala, futhi kubangele nokuqhekeka.
(5) Ukucaciswa kokushisisa okuhamba kancane kwamukelwa ukuvalwa kwecrystallization, okunezinjongo ezimbili: eyodwa ukuvimbela ibhamuza ongqimbeni lwengilazi ye-solder okubangelwa ukukhula ngokushesha komswakamo esigabeni sokuqala sokushisa, kanti enye ukugwema ukuqhekeka kwesiqephu sonke kanye nengilazi ngenxa yokushisa okungalingani ngenxa yokushisa okusheshayo lapho ubukhulu balo lonke ucezu kanye nocezu lwengilazi lukhulu. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ekushiseni kokuqala kwe-solder, ingilazi ye-solder iqala ukugqashuka. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuvala, isikhathi eside sokuvalwa, kanye nenani lokukhishwa komkhiqizo kunenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni amandla okuvala, kodwa ukuqina komoya kuyehla. Izinga lokushisa lokufaka uphawu liphansi, isikhathi sokuvala sifushane, ukwakheka kwengilazi kukhulu, ukuqina kwegesi kuhle, kodwa amandla okuvala ayancipha, Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lama-analytes liphinde lithinte i-coefficient yokunwetshwa komugqa wengilazi ye-solder. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokubeka uphawu, ngaphezu kokukhetha ingilazi ye-solder efanele, ukucaciswa okunengqondo kokubeka uphawu kanye nenqubo yokubeka uphawu kufanele kunqunywe ngokusho kobuso bokuhlola. Enqubweni yengilazi kanye nokubekwa uphawu kwe-ceramic, ukucaciswa kokubeka uphawu kufanele futhi kulungiswe ngokuya nezici zengilazi ye-solder ehlukile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2021